SAXIFRAGEAE 403 



953. S. muscoides Wulf. (Herm. MuUer, ' Fertilisation,' p. 244, ' Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 106-7.) — The flower mechanism of this species agrees with that of 

 S. Seguieri. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 6 flies, a beetle, an Ichneumonid, and a 

 Lepidopterid. 



MacLeod noticed 2 short-tongued Hymenoptera, a beetle, and 5 flies, in the 

 Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 422-3). 



954. S. androsacea L. (Herm. Muller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 244, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 107-8.) — This is a third protogynous Alpine species, and its flower mechanism 

 agrees with those of S. Seguieri and S. muscoides. In this case, however, self- 

 pollination is ultimately possible, for the stigmas remain receptive till the dehiscence 

 of the first anther. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller noticed a hover-fly (Eristalis tenax Z.) at a height 

 of over 3,000 m. 



955. S. decipiensEhrh. ( = S. hypnoidesZ. and S. caespitosa 6'wz.). (Warming, 

 Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, i888. pp. 18-22.) — Warming describes the flowers of 

 this species as slightly protandrous, homogamous, or even protogynous. Self- 

 pollination is possible and effective, for ripe fruits have been found in Spitzbergen, 

 Beeren Island, &c. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, female ones have been observed 

 in Spitzbergen, on the Dovrefjeld, and in Greenland. 



Abromeit states that the species is widely distributed in Greenland up to a height 

 of 5,000 ft. above sea-level, and is represented by several varieties (' Bot. Ergeb. von 

 Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' p. 35). The calyx is covered with glandular hairs, 

 som.etimes black in colour, and sometimes yellow. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: i. Lucilia caesar Z. ; 2. Scatophaga scybalaria Z. 

 (V) Syrphidae : 3. Eristalis nemorumZ., skg. ; 4. Syritta pipiensZ., do. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. Apidae : 5. Halictus minutissimus K. 5, skg. ; 6. H. nitidiusculus K. 5, do. 



956. S. caespitosa L. — The nectar is exposed in this species. Lindman 

 observed, on the Dovrefjeld, homogamous flowers in which effective self-pollination 

 was possible, as evidenced by fruits. Ekstam states that the faintly fragrant flowers 

 are 5-12 mm. in diameter in Nova Zemlia. Self-pollination is prevented in flowers 

 that are either almost homogamous or very markedly protandrous, but it is possible 

 in those which are protogynous-homogamous. 



According to Andersson and Hesselman (' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens 

 o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' pp. 30-1), this species is among those indigenous to 

 Spitzbergen in which anthesis is prolonged. It begins when the snow melts in 

 the middle of June, and continues all through the summer till the end of August, 

 or even into September. In Beeren Island the earliest blossoms were noticed on 

 June 13, 1898; fruits are ripened in abundance from about the second half of 

 July. The observers mentioned regard the flowers as protogynous, but Ekstam 

 describes them as strongly protandrous-homogamous (' Bliitenbiol. Beob. a. Spitz- 

 bergen,' p. 18). They are 10-15 "i™- '" diameter, odourless, and white, yellowish- 

 green or reddish in colour. After the anthers have completely ripened the stamens 



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