SAXIFRAGEAE 4°? 



Abromeit describes two varieties of flower for Greenland ; one with narrow 

 white petals spotted with yellow and purple-red, the other with small petals of 

 distinctly yellow colour (' Bot. Ergeb. von Drygalski's Grbnlandsexped.,' pp. 35-7). 



966. S. flagellaris Willd. (Warming/ Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, 1888, 

 pp. 25-6.) — Of three plants of this species brought from Spitzbergen, Warming 

 describes two as protogynous ; in the third the outer anthers were applied to the 

 stigmas in such a way that automatic self-pollination must have taken place. For 

 Nova Zemlia, Ekstam describes the odourless flowers as slightly protandrous or 

 homogamous, self-pollination being quite possible. 



Andersson and Hesselman state that the species is in flower in Spitzbergen 

 from the beginning of July till September; ripe fruits were observed August 20, 1897 

 (' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' pp. 26-7). 

 The bell-shaped, bright yellow flowers are 8-o-ii-5 mm. long, and 9-5-i3-o mm. 

 broad ; there is a swelling on either side the base of each petal. In Van Meyen 

 Bay the observers mentioned found the flowers to be protogynous at the beginning 

 of anthesis, the anthers subsequently ripening and coming into contact with the 

 stigmas. Ekstam, on the other hand, describes specimens from Advent Bay as 

 homogamous. 



967. S. Cotyledon L. — Briquet says that in this protandrous species the outer 

 and inner stamens move in succession towards the middle of the flower (' Etudes 

 de biol. flor. dans les Alpes Occident.'). The diameter of the corolla may be as 

 much as 15 mm. The exposed nectar is secreted by a green disk. Flies alighting 

 upon the petals regularly effect cross-pollination. Kirchner points out that the 

 flower mechanism was long ago described by Sprengel ('Entd. Geh.,' p. 246), and 

 subsequently by Lindman ('Bidrag till Kanned. om Skandin. Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. 

 Befrukt.,' p. 60). 



On the Dovrefjeld, according to Lindman, the flowers smell rather strongly 

 of apples, and are markedly protandrous. 



Visitors. — Lindman observed numerous flies and a humble-bee on the 

 Dovrefjeld. 



968. S. hypnoides L. — 



Visitors. — In Dumfriesshire, an Empid and 3 Muscids have been recorded 

 (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 71). 



969. S. cernua L. (Lindman, op. cit. ; Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, 

 xvi, 1888, pp. 3-6.) — The conspicuous flowers of this species, according to Lindman 

 and Warming, are markedly protandrous as a rule on the Dovrefjeld, and also 

 in Greenland, Nordland, Finmark, and Spitzbergen. Occasionally, however, they 

 are protogynous, and this perhaps indicates a transition towards the production 

 of female flowers. The nectar is exposed. The inadequate production of fruits 

 is compensated for by the development of bulbils taking the place of flowers, both 

 in northern regions, and also, according to Kerner, in the Tyrol. 



Andersson and Hesselman state that the species flowers in Spitzbergen from the 

 beginning of July to the beginning of August, here and there to the end of the latter 

 month : in Beeren Island a stock with fully developed flower-buds ready to open 

 was seen on June 18, 1898 ('Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. 



