426 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



pp. 175, 344-) — This species is native to the high Alps. Hermann IMiiller describes 

 the flowers as protogynous, but with persistent stigmas, so that automatic self- 

 polhnation takes place normally and tolerably soon. Ricca says the flowers are 

 protogynous with short-lived stigmas. Kerner adds that anthesis lasts four days, 

 that the outer stamens serve for cross- and the inner ones for self-pollination, and 

 that the scale-like nectaries are cleft at the tip. (Cf. Fig. 142.) 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller only observed a Chrysidid and a Pyralid. 



1003. S. Telephium L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 253-4.) — The two 

 species (S. maximum Siiler and S. purpureum Link) into which S. Telephium is now 

 divided possess the same flower mechanism, except that the inner stamens of S. 

 purpureum are inserted into the petals one-sixth of the way up. Hermann Miiller 

 states that the anthers of the five outer stamens dehisce first, and then those of 

 the five inner ones; and it is only when the latter have withered that the stigmatic 

 papillae develop. The stamens lie close to the widel\- radiating petals, so that 

 self-pollination is excluded even if some pollen remains clinging to the anthers 

 until the stigmas are maturt-. 



Fig. 143. Sediiin Tekp/tt'uvj, L. (after Herm. Miiller . (I 

 aftt^r removal oftht: carpels, to show the li\c nectarirs. 



Flo\M r ^reii liotii ,il)o\n. U'l riie ^.ame 



The nectaries are situated as in S. acre, but their form is somewhat different : 

 in S. Telephium, they are on the tips of longish scales at the bases of the petals 

 and below the ovaries. Nectar-sucking or pollen-collecting insects that creep about 

 on the crowded inflorescences touch the anthers and stigmas of numerous flowers 

 in succession, and since these are protandrous effect crossing : they may also, 

 however, occasionally eff^ect self-pollination in old flowers with mature stigmas, 

 should some pollen still cling to the anthers. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed the following. — 



A. Diptera. JMusciihu- : i. Echinomyia magnicornis Zc//., .skg. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. (a) Apidae: 2. Bombus agrorum F. J, skg. ; 3. B. lapidarius J.. 5, po-cltg. : 

 4. B. sylvarum L. 5 and 5, in great numbers, skg. ; 5. Halictus zonulus Srn. 5, skg. : 

 (1. I'sithyrus campestris Pz. J. do. {b) Tenthredinidae : 7. AUantus arcuatus Forsl. 

 ( liorgstette). 



MacLeod saw Bombus terresier L. 5, po-cltg. and skg., in the Pyrenees (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 419). 



Alfken noticed Bombus agrorum F. J at Bremen. 



