430 ANGIOSPERMAE — DICOTYLEDONES 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller saw a bee and 4 Lepidoptera in the Heuthal. Loew 

 noticed a Noctuid (Agroiis ocellina 6". V.) in the same locality. Alfken observed the 

 bee Anthidium manicatum Z. 5 and S, very freq., skg., at Bremen. 



1012. S. tectorum L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 86-7 ; Schulz, 

 ' Beitrage,' II, p. 79.) — Hermann ]\Iiiller says that the flower mechanism of this 

 species agrees with that of S. Funckii. According to Schulz, the stigmas do not 

 usually become receptive till the anthers have shed all their pollen, so that self- 

 pollination is excluded. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller saw 3 beetles, 6 bees, and 7 Lepidoptera. Schulz 

 observed humble-bees and other Hymenoptera, more rarely Lepidoptera and flies. 



1013. S. arachnoideum L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 87.) — In the 

 flowers of this species, according to the observations of Hermann Miiller (made in 

 the canton of Graubiinden), the styles are often apposed till the anthers have all 

 discharged their pollen. Schulz ('Beitrage') states that the styles (in the Tyrol) 

 are often inclined towards one another when the flower opens, but subsequently 

 spread out gradually till they occupy an almost horizontal position. The stigmas 

 are usually receptive at the time when the last of the inner stamens shed their 

 pollen, so that automatic self-pollination may be effected. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 8 flies, 7 bees, and 1 1 Lepidoptera. Schulz 

 also observed Lepidoptera (3), bees, and flies. 



1014. S. ruthenicum Koch.^Kerner states that in this species the inner 

 stamens serve for cross-pollination, while the outer ones bend towards the stigmas 

 and bring about autogamy. 



283. Bryophyllum Salisb. 



1015. B. calycinum Salisb. (Delpino, ' Altri appar. dicog. recent, oss.,' p. 56.) — 

 Delpino states that the elongated tubular and pendulous flowers of this species 

 secrete abundant nectar from four glands. They are protandrous. 



Visitors. — Delpino supposes these to be humming-birds, despite the incon- 

 spicuous greenish or brownish colour of the flowers. 



284. Cotyledon Toum. 



1016. C. umbilicus L. (Willis, ' Contributions to the Nat. Hist, of the Flower,' 

 (2).) — The corolla-tube of this species is about 10 mm. deep and 3 mm. wide, 

 and the nectar is secreted in its base by the five carpels. The ten anthers dehisce 

 when the flower opens. They are at the same level as the stigmas, though these 

 are at first not fully mature. It follows that insects probing for nectar in the first 

 stage of anthesis cover themselves with pollen, which the\' transfer to the stigmas 

 of flowers in the second stage. Towards the end of anthesis automatic self-pollination 

 is inevitable, owing to the proximity of stigmas and anthers. 



\'isnoRs. — Willis only observed Thri))s. 



