446 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



In Dumfriesshire, 2 hover-flies and a Lepidopterid were recorded (Scott-Elliot, 

 ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 66). 



1048. E. alpinum L. (Axell, ' Om Anord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt.,' 

 pp. 18, 109.) — Axell states that the flowers of this species are autocarpous as the 

 result of automatic self-pollination, should insect-visits fail. Warming describes 

 plants brought from Greenland and cultivated in Copenhagen as extremely fertile 

 after automatic self-pollination. 



1049. E. alsinifolium Vill. (=E. origanifolium Lam\ (Herm. Miiller, 'Fer- 

 tilisation,' p. 263, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 211-13; Lindman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. om 

 Skandin. Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. Befrukt.'; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' I, p. 37.) — The flowers 

 of this species are always capable of automatic self-pollination in the Alps, but 

 being slightly protogynous may also be cross-pollinated if visited early by insects. 

 The flower mechanism is the same in the Scandinavian Highlands, but, according 

 to Lindman, the flowers are homogamous there. Schulz found them to be slightly 

 protogynous in the Riesengebirge, and also adapted for automatic self-pollination, 

 the anthers being applied closely to the stigmas. Owing to the tubular form of the 

 flower, the nectar is especially accessible to Lepidoptera, though a proboscis of 

 6-7 mm. long is required to reach it. 



Visitors. — Herm. Muller saw a butterfly (Argynnis) and a hover-fly (Syrphus). 



1050. E. adnatum Griseb. (=E. tetragonum Z.). (MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 296-7.) — This species was studied during very hot 

 weather (2. 7. '94), and the three following stages made out in the development 

 of the flowers. — 



1. In the still closed flower, the tips of the petals project about 0-25 mm. 

 beyond the calyx. The four long (antisepalous) stamens reach half-way up the 

 style, and their anthers have already shed most of their pollen-grains. These are 

 loosely united into tetrads, and indeed some of them have already sent out pollen- 

 tubes into the pistil. The anthers of two of the four short (antipetalous) stamens 

 are beginning to dehisce. 



2. The petals now project 2 mm. from the bud. The four short stamens have 

 elongated and discharged most of their pollen upon the lower part of the style. 

 Many pollen-grains have sent out long tubes into the pistil. There is a considerable 

 quantity of nectar in the base of the flower. 



3. The flower is quite open. The four long stamens have elongated to such 

 an extent that their anthers project beyond the style, while the four short ones are 

 half its length. All the anthers are brown and empty, and the style is brownish 

 in colour ; indeed it usually begins to assume this hue in the bud. The flower 

 closes towards the end of anthesis, and the anthers are pressed against the style. 



When the weather is not so warm, the development of the reproductive organs 

 appears to be retarded. In any case automatic self-pollination is inevitable ; 

 crossing, though not impossible, is very unlikely to take place. 



Visitors. — None have so far been observed. 



1051. E. roseum Schreb. (MacLeod, op. cit., vi, 1894, pp. 295-6.) -When 

 anthesis begins in this species the eight anthers have already dehisced, those of 



