450 A NGIOSPERMA E—DICOTYLEDONES 



flowers. They exhale a strong odour of citrons in the evening, but are odourless 

 during the day. The calyx-tube is more than lo cm. long, so that none of our 

 native hawk-moths possess a proboscis long enough to reach the bottom of it. 

 Even the proboscis of Sphinx convolvuli L. only exceptionally attains a length 

 of 8 cm. The flowers are homogamous. The four stigmas project about 15 mm. 

 beyond the tip of the anthers, so that alighting insects first touch the former and 

 then the latter, thus constantly eff'ecting cross-pollination. 



Visitors. — Hitchcock records the hawk-moth Deilephila lineata F. (Bull. Torrey 

 Bot. CI., New York, xx, 1893, p. 362). 



1062. O. grandiflora Alt. — Kerner states that this North American species 

 bears night flowers {cf. O. biennis, p. 448). When they open the petals rapidly 

 separate, and spread out in half an hour. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — 



A Chrysomelid (Haltica oleracea L.) resting in the mouth of the corolla-tube, 



and a bee (Apis mellifica L. 5), po-cltg., loading itself with long threads of pollen, 



which hung down from its legs and impeded flight. 



1063. O. speciosa Nutt. — The beautifully fragrant Lepidopterid flowers of 

 this species are white in colour, turning red when they are over. Wolfensberger 

 (Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges., Schaff'hausen, vii, 1884, pp. 5-7) states that various 

 hawk-moths (Deilephila elpenor L., D. porcellus L.) are captured by them, the 

 proboscis being held fast by inwardly directed barrier-hairs lining the corolla-tube. 

 But Glaser (Ent. Nachr., Berlin, xiv, 1888, pp. 53-5) found (at Mannheim) that 

 hawk-moths went to sleep with the proboscis sunk in the flowers, thus giving the 

 appearance of captivity. He denies the existence of arrangements able to hold 

 fast the proboscis. 



1064. O. Simsiana Ser. (Willkomm, ' Nachtbl. u. ihr Leben.')— This Mexican 

 species bears night flowers. 



Visitors. — The flowers are pollinated by beetles in the Prague Botanic Garden. 



303. Godetia Spach. 



1065. G. Lindleyana Spach. — Comes describes this species as protandrous 

 and self-fertile (' Ult. stud.'). 



1066. G. Cavanillesii Spach. — This species is native to Central Chili. 

 Philippi (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxviii, 1870, pp. 104-6) says that it produces cleisto- 

 gamous flowers in spring. 



304. Circaea Toum. 



Homogamous hover-fly flowers, in the bases of which nectar is secreted. 



1067. C. lutetiana L. (Harm. MuUer, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 265-7.) — The small 

 flowers of this species are white, often with a reddish tinge, and are arranged in 

 loose racemes. Hermann IMiiller describes the flower mechanism as being very 

 similar to that of Veronica Chamaedrys (vol. I, p. 136). The two stamens project 

 one on either side from the vertically pendulous flower. Between them is the style, 



