UMBELLIFERAE 495 



364. Pastinaca L. 



1167. P- sativa L. ( = Peuccdanum sativum Benth. el Hook./.). — According 

 to Schulz (' Beitrage,' II, pp. 85, 93, 1 90), the yellow flowers of this species are 

 distributed andromonoeciously, and the hermaphrodite ones are protandrous. The 

 primary umbels either bear only hermaphrodite flowers, or may possess a central 

 male one, or even several such. Secondary umbels often bear marginal hermaphrodite 

 and central male flowers ; sometimes hermaphrodite ones only. Umbels of higher 

 order include numerous male flowers. Purely male umbels are rare. Warnstorf 

 says that at Ruppin the umbellules of primar)' umbels are hermaphrodite ; secondary- 

 ones bear marginal hermaphrodite and central male flowers ; tertiary ones are almost 

 exclusively male. 



Hermann MuUer states that the yellow flowers are not readily visited by beetles, 

 and Kerner says that they are especially attractive to dung-flies. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following 

 list (Herm. MuUer, ' Fertilisadon,' p. 284, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, p. 306). — 



A. Diptera. (a) BovibyUiJae : i. Anthrax flava V7^. (H. M.). {U) Muscidac : 

 2. Dexia rustica F. (H. RI.); 3. Lucilia sylvarum Mg. (H. M.) ; 4. Onesia sepulcralis 

 Mg. (H. M.) ; 5. Sarcophaga carnaria J.. (H. I\I.). (c) Syrphidac : 6. Chrysotoxum 

 bicinctum L. (H. M.); 7. Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg. (H. M., Budd.). B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. {a) Iclmeumomdac : 8. Numerous species (H. W.). {b) Scoliidae : 9. Tiphia 

 femorata F. (H. M.). {c) Sphegidae : 10. Crabro sexcinctus F. i (H. M.) ; 11. Mutilla 

 europaea Z. 5 (H. M.) ; 12. M. melanocephala F. S (Budd.). (d) Tenihredinidae : 

 13. Several species of Tenthredo (H. M.). {e) Vespidae: 14. Odynerus parietum 7-. 

 S (H. M.) ; 15. Polistes biglumis L. (H. ]M.) ; 16. P. gallica L. (H. M.). 



The following were recorded by the obser^■ers, and for the localities stated. — 

 Alfken (Bremen), a Muscid (Nemoraea erythrura ]^Ig^, a bee (Andrena austriaca 

 Pz. 5), and a saw-fly (AUantus omissus Fdrs/.). Friese (Central Saalthal), — Hymeno- 

 ptera. (a) Ichneumonidae : i. Amblyteles fossorius (Milll.) Wesm.; 2. A. fuscipennis 

 Warn.; 3. A. sputator (F.) Wesm.; 4. F.xenterus apiarius (Gr.) T/is.; 5. Exoechus 

 gravipes Gr. ; 6. Ichneumon similatorius (F.) T/is. ; 7. Tryphon elongator 6'/-. 

 {//) Mulillidae : 8. Mutilla rufipes F., vav. nigra Rossi, (c) Sphegidae : 9. Salius 

 hyalinatus F.; 10. S. versicolor Scop, (d) Vespidae: Polistes gallica Z. Schiner 

 (Austria), — Diptera. (a) Conopidae : i. Conops capitatus Lonv. (li) Muscidae: 

 2. Alophora hemiptera F.; 3. Frontina laeta Mg.; 4. Germaria ruficeps Fall.; 

 5. Nemoraea radicum F. ; 6. Phorocera punicata Mg. {c) Syrphidae : 7. Chryso- 

 toxum bicinctum L.; 8. C. elegans Loetc; 9. Eumerus sinuatus J.oew; 10. Syrphus 

 cinctellus Zelt.; 11. S. cinctus Fall. F. F. Kohl (Tyrol), 2 ruby-wasps (Chrysis 

 analis Spin., and Hedychrum rutilans Dahlb.) and 3 true wasps (i. Odynerus parietum 

 Z., var. renimacula Lep. ; 2. O. parvulus Lep. ; 3. O. rossi Lep.). Schletterer (Tyrol), 

 the Scoliid Tiphia femorata F. Loew (Mecklenburg), Anthomyia sp. ; (Brandenburg), 

 the bee Halictus cylindricus F. S, skg.; (Steiermark), a Sphegid (Crabro sp.). Warnstorf 

 (Brandenburg), bees, species not stated. MacLeod (Flanders), a hover-fly, 2 Muscids, 

 and a short-tongued Neuropterid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 275). 



1168. P. opaca Bernh. — Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, p. 180) describes this species as 

 andromonoecious, with protandrous hermaphrodite flowers. 



365. Heracleum L. 



1169. H. Sphondylium L. — The odorous flowers of this species are usually 

 white and actinomorphous, but Kirchner says that they are sometimes irregular, and 



