UMBELLIFERAE 



517 



379. Molopospermum Koch. 



1200. M. Peloponnesiacum Koch. — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden.— 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Dermeslidae: i. Anthrenus scrophulariae L., nect-lkg. 

 {b) Scarabaeidae : 2. Cetonia aurata /,., dvg. the flowers, (c) Telephoridae : 3. Tele- 

 phorus fuscus Z., nect-lkg. B. Diptera. {a) Bibionidae : 4. Bibio hortulanus Z., 

 skg. (i5) Muscidae : 5. Echinomyia fera Z., skg. ; 6. Scatophaga merdaria F. 

 (c) Siratiomyidae : 7. Stratiomys longicornis Scop. (d) Syrphidae: 8. Eristalis 

 nemorum Z., skg. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 9. Andrena tibialis K. 5, skg. 

 and po-cltg. ; 10. Apis mellifica L. 5, ditto, (b) Tenthredinidae: 11. Hylotoma 

 rosae Z. J. 



380. Prangos Lindl. 



1201. P. ferulacea Lindl.— 



VisiTORS.^ — Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — 

 A. Coleoptera. (a) CoccinelUdae -. i. Coccinella bipunctata Z., nect-lkg. 

 {b) Curadioiiidae : 2. Ceutorhynchidius floralis Payk. (c) Dermeslidae : 3. Anthrenus 

 scrophulariae Z., nect-lkg. B. Diptera. {a) Muscidae: 4. Graphomyia maculata 

 Scop. ; 5. Lucilia caesar Z. {b) Syrphidae : 6. Eristalis arbustorum Z. ; 7. Helo- 

 philus floreus Z. C. Hymenoptera. {a) Formicidae : 8. Lasius niger Z., nect- 

 lkg. (3) Ichnewnonidae : 9. Campoplex sp. 



XLIX. ORDER ARALIACEAE JUSS. 

 381. Hedera Toum. 



Flowers greenish in colour ; protandrous or homogamous ; with exposed nectar, 

 secreted by a disk surrounding the styles. 



1202. H. Helix L. (Delpino, 'Altri appar. dicog. recent, oss.,' p. 52; Harm. 

 Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, pp. 301-2; Knuth, ' Bliitenbiol. Herbstbeob.' ; MacLeod, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 255-6; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 398; Macchiati, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, xxi, 1885, p. 7; Wittrock, op. cit., 

 xxvi, 1886, p. 124.) — In Schleswig-Holstein the ivy is one of the latest plants to 

 blossom, and (in 1890) I observed the first buds open on Nov. i, from which date 

 flowering went on until mid-December. About twenty green flowers, with stalks 

 1-1-5 cm. long, are aggregated into a hemispherical umbel, and th^/ faint almost 

 putrefactive odour attracts various minute and larger flies, as well as Hymenoptera. 

 The individual flowers are protandrous. There are five (rarely six) recurved petals, 

 surrounding a nectar-secreting yellowish-green disk. In the middle of this rises 

 the short (scarcely i mm.) style with its stigma. The five (rarely six) inwardly 

 inclined stamens are situated at the margin of the disk; the filaments are 2-3 mm. 

 long. The anthers are bright yellow in colour, turning to a brownish-yellow and 

 quickly dropping off after dehiscence. The stigma is now mature, and the disk 

 secretes nectar more actively, thus compensating for the diminution in conspicuous- 

 ness resulting from the loss of the anthers. The under-sides of insects visiting 

 flowers in the first (male) stage get dusted with pollen, which is transferred to the 

 stigmas of those in the second (female) stage. 



Delpino also describes the flowers as protandrous, and he observed flies effecting 



