522 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Warn storf (Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxvii, 1895) says that at Ruppin the flowers 

 are slightly protogynous to homogamous ; the terminal flower (with eight or rarely 

 ten stamens) opens first, then the pairs of opposite lateral flowers in succession. 

 Sometimes the terminal and one or two lateral flowers are degenerate. The 4-7 

 stigmatic branches, and also the anthers, persist for several days ; the latter are 

 at a lower level than the stigmas, so that autogamy is scarcely possible. The 

 pollen-grains are bright yellow in colour, ovoid, slightly tuberculaled, very variable in 

 size, up to 37 yii long and 18 /x broad. 



Visitors. — Warnstorf observed small beetles, and Herm. ]Muller gives the 

 following list. — 



A. Coleoptera. CurcuUonidae : i. Apion columbinum Germ., nect-lkg. 

 B. Diptera. (a) Cecidomyidae: 2. Various sps., nect-lkg. (3) Muscidai : 

 3. Borborus niger Mg., nect-lkg. (c) Mycetophilidae : 4. Various species, from 

 I i to 4 mm. long, (d) Simuliidae: 5. Simulia sp. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Ichnm- 

 monidae: 6. Pezomachus Grav., 2 sps. {b) Pteromalidae: 7. Eulophus 5; 8. Seven 

 other species. 



Burkill observed the following on the Yorkshire coast (' Fertlsn. of Spring 

 Fls.').— 



A. Coleoptera. Curculmiidae -. i. Apion apricans i/i^j/., skg. B. Diptera. 

 {a) Muscidae: 2. Scatophaga stercoraria Z. ; 3. Sepsis nigripes A/i,'. ('I') Myceto- 

 philidae : 4. Exechia sp. ; 5. Sciara sp. and 3 other species. (c) Rhyphidae : 

 6. Rhyphus sp. (d) Syrphidae : 7. Melanostoma quadrimaculata Verral. C. Hy- 

 menoptera. Ichneumonidae : 8. Pezomachus sp. and one other small Ichneumon. 

 D. Thysanoptera. 9. Thrips sp., all skg. 



MacLeod saw a Neuropterid, a fly, and a beetle in Flanders (Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 389). 



384. Ebulum Garckc. 



Flowers reddish-white in colour, odorous, arranged in umbellate panicles ; with 

 exposed nectar, secreted on the top of the ovary. 



1208. E. humile Garcke ( = Sambucus Ebulus Z.). — According to Bonnier {jide 

 Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 392), the white flowers of this species, which are 

 reddish externally, secrete exposed nectar. Kirchner (' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 670) 

 states that the diameter of the corolla is 8 mm., and that the stamens project almost 

 vertically from it. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Switzerland), Apis, 2 sp. of Bombus, and a Volucella. Borgstette 

 (Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' HI, p. 76) (Central Germany), 2 flies (Leptis vitripennis 

 Mg., and Aricia sp.). von Dalla Torre and Schletterer (Tyrol), 2 bees — Nomada 

 ferruginata K. 5, and Sphecodes gibbus Z. S. MacLeod (Pyrenees), 4 Muscids (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 346). Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), a humble-bee, 

 several flies and Lepidoptera (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 81). Loew (Berlin Botanic 

 Garden), the Muscid Lucilia caesar L., and 2 Syrphids — Eristalis nemorum L., and 

 Helophilus floreus L. 



