536 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 12 Hymenoptera (including 5 species of 

 humble-bees), 3 Syrphidae, 2 beetles, and 3 Lepidoptera. 



Ricca noticed Bombus lapidarius Z., even at an altitude of 2,000-2,500 mm. 



1227. L. alpigena L. (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 278; 

 Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 95-7 ; Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 298, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 395-7.) — This species bears reddish-brown flowers belonging to class Hav, 

 which are visited and pollinated by bees, humble-bees, and especially wasps. The 

 pouch of the corolla-tube secretes very abundant nectar, protected by many hairs. 

 The lower lip, directed obliquely downwards, forms a convenient platform for visitors. 

 These must first encounter and touch the stigma, and then the anthers, so that 

 cross-poHination is necessarily effected. 



Fig. 178. Lonicera alpigena^ L. (after Herm. Miiller). A pair of flowers soon after opening, 

 seen from the front (X4). The one on the right sitle possesses a supernumerary stamen, but no 

 corresponding corolla-lobe. 



While Hermann Miiller describes the flowers as homogamous, Kerner says 

 they are protogynous, and that crossing is only possible at first, self-pollination being 

 inevitable later on as the result of contact between stigma and anthers. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 9 Hymenoptera (including great numbers of 

 2 species of wasps), 2 Syrphidae, 2 Lepidoptera, and 2 beetles. Schulz specially 

 noticed the diurnal hawk-moth Macroglossa stellatarum L. 



1228. L. iberica Bieb. — Cultivated plants of this Caucasian species were 

 investigated by Kirchner in Wurtemberg ('Beitrage,' pp. 62-3). The bright yellow 

 flowers are slightly protogynous; the lower part of the corolla-tube rises abruptly 

 to a height of 10 mm., and its upper part is 3 mm. long. The under-lip (10 mm. 

 in length) is downwardly reflexed, while the upper one becomes erect and spreads 

 cut. Insects probing for the nectar secreted in the base of the flower first touch the 



