RUBIACEAE 539 



Willis observed gynodioecism in England (Proc. Phil. Soc, Cambridge, ix, 

 1893)- 



Visitors.— Herm. Muller observed the following in Thuringia. — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Elateridae : i. Agriotes ustulatus Schall., resting inactively 

 on the flowers. (i5) Telephoridae : 2. Danacea pallipes Panz., resting inactively on the 

 flowers; 3. Dasytes subaeneus ^c,^/^., skg. (?) ; 4. Ebaeus thoracicus 0/;z'. B.Diptera. 

 (a) Bombyliidae: 5. Systoechus sulphureus ^^/zA, skg. {b) Empidae: 6. Empis livida Z., 



Fig. 180. Aspertda tanrina, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Hermaptirodite flower, seen from the side. 

 B. Pistil and nectar}' of the same flower. C Another hermaphrodite flower with the stijrm.as more 



exserted. D. A third ditto, with long stylar branches. E. Half-withered flower, with the branches of 

 the style eien longer. F. Vestigial pistil of a male flower. C. A trimerous male flower (xj). 



K, nectary ; ov^ ovary ; st, stigma. 



freq., skg. ; 7. Rhamphomyia sp., eagerly skg., in very large numbers, (c) Muscidac: 

 8. Siphona geniculata Deg., freq., skg. ; 9. Ulidia erythrophthalma Mg., do. {d) Slralio- 

 myidac: 10. Nemotelus pantherinus Z., skg. (e) Syrphidae: 11. Syritta pipiens Z., 

 hovering and skg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidac: 12. Bombus agrorum F. 5, 

 casually trying to suck. D. Lepidoptera. (a) Geometn'dae: 13. Minoa murinata 

 Scop., skg. (b) Rhopalocera: 14. Coenonympha arcania Z., skg. 



Loew noticed the bee Exoprosopa picta Mg., skg., in Steiermark (' Beitrage,' 

 p. 51). MacLeod saw 2 flies in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 

 i89i> P- 345)- 



