54° ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



1233. A. montana Waldst. et Kit. ( = A. cynanchica, according to the Index 

 Kewensis). — Kirchner (' Beitrage,' pp. 59-60) says that in the canton Valais the 

 corolla-tube of this species is 4-5^ mm. long. The flowers are homogamous, 

 with styles of varying length and persistent stigmas. In the long-styled form 

 self-pollination is hindered, but in the short-styled one it easily takes place. 



1234. A. glauca Bess. ( = A. galioides BieL). — Schulz ('Beitrage') says that 

 the white or reddish-white odorous flowers of this species are homogamous or slightly 

 protandrous. As the anthers usually remain above the middle of the flower till all 

 the pollen is shed, automatic self-pollination is inevitable. 



Visitors. — Schulz states that these are numerous small insects of the orders 

 Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera ; but in many cases these undoubtedly only 

 effect self-polhnation. 



1235. A. odorata L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 84 ; Harm. Muller, ' Fertili- 

 saiion,' p. 304, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 73; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — 

 Hermann Muller says that the white flowers of this species, which smell of cumarin, 

 possess the same mechanism as A. cynanchica. Warnstorf describes the pollen- 

 grains as white in colour, ellipsoidal, smooth, about 25 fx. long and 12-15 /^ broad. 



Visitors. — Herm. Muller (H. M.) and myself (Kn.) have observed the 

 following. — 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Ceramhycidae: i. Gramnioptera levis F. (H. M.), not 

 infrequent, po-dvg. (/■) Telephoridae : 2. Dasytes sp. (H. M.). {c) MordeUidae : 

 3. Anaspis frontalis L. (H. M.), freq. {d) NitiduUdae : 4. Meligethes (H. M.), freq. 

 B. Diptera. {d) Empidae : 5. Empis tessellata i^. (H. M.), one, skg. Ih) Muscidae: 

 6. Siphona geniculata Deg. (H. M.), freq., skg. (c) Syrphidae : 7. Eristalis nemo- 

 rum L. (H. I\I.), skg. ; 8. Rhingia rostrata L., one, skg. (Kn,); 9. Syritta pipiens 

 Z., freq., skg. (H. M., Kn.). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 10. Apis mellifica Z. 5, 

 freq., skg. (H. M., Kn.); 11. Halictus cylindricus E. 5, skg. (Kn.). t). Lepidoptera. 

 Microhpidoptera: 12. Elachista sp., skg. (H. M.). 



1236. A. taurina L. (Herm. Muller, ' Fertilisation,' pp. 303-4, ' Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 390-2.) — The white colour of the corolla, and its long (9-1 1 mm.) 

 narrow tube, indicate that this species is visited by moths. It is andromonoecious, and 

 the hermaphrodite flowers are markedly protandrous (Fig. 180). According to 

 Kerner (' Nat. Hisl. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 325-6), the stigmas, owing to curving of 

 the stylar branches, are later on brought so close to the anthers of the neighbouring 

 male flowers that geitonogamy is automatically effected. 



Visitors. — Herm. Muller did not observe the actual pollinators, but saw a few 

 casual visitors (a Bombylius, an Empis, an Echinomyia, a Syritta, and 2 beetles). 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) noticed a Syrphid (Melithreptus scriptus Z., 

 po-dvg.), and 2 bees (Andrena nitida Foiircr. j, po-cltg. ; Prosopis communis Nyl. 5, 

 settling on the stamens and po-dvg.). 



1237. A. azurea Jaub. et Spach. ( = A. orientalis Boiss. et Hohen.). (Herm. 

 Muller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 73.) — Hermann Miiller says that the flowers of this species 

 conceal their nectar in a tube as long and narrow as that of A. taurina, but their 

 blue colour indicates that they are pollinated by butterflies, not by moths. 



1238. A. tinctoria L. (Herm. Muller, 'Wait. Beob.,' Ill, p. 72; Schulz, 

 ' Beitrage,' I, p. 65.) — Hermann Muller says that in the homogamous flowers of this 



