548 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



3|-5 mm. in diameter. Schulz states that the stamens usually remain almost erect 

 throughout anthesis. The anthers are therefore situated above the stigmas, which 

 mature simultaneously, so that automatic self-pollination is inevitable. For the same 

 reason, insect visitors probably always effect self-pollination. 



Visitors. — Schulz observed numerous flies, beetles, small bees, and small 

 Lepidoptera in the Alps. 



1259. G. saxatile L. (Herm. MuUer, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 69; Knuth, 

 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.' p. 83, 'Bliitenbiol. Beob. a. d. Ins. Riigen.') — 

 The plants of this species observed by me in the North Frisian Islands and at 

 Kiel were protandrous, their flower mechanism agreeing in the main with that 

 of G. Mollugo. The anthers dehisce before the styles diverge. In young 

 flowers the stamens are erect, but as the styles elongate they separate so widely 

 that they come to lie between the lobes of the corolla, while the stigmas assume 

 the position at first occupied by the anthers. Automatic geitonogamy can easily 

 take place, partly by the styles curving outwards till the stigmas touch the anthers 

 of neighbouring flowers, partly by the fall of pollen upon the stigmas of adjacent 

 blossoms of the same stock. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller, the Cerambycid Leptura livida F., dvg. the flowers, and the 

 Syrphid Syritta pipiens L., freq., skg. and po-dvg. Knuth (Riigen), the Syrphid 

 Eristalis sepulcralis Z., skg. and po-cltg. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), 3 hover-flies 

 ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 86). 



1260. G. persicum DC. (=G. coronatum Siblh. el Sm). — 

 Visitors. — Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) saw an undetermined Pyralid. 



397. Ixora L. 



1261. I. salicifolia DC. (=1. fulgens Roxb.). — According to Willis (Proc. 

 Phil. Soc, Cambridge, viii, 1892), the flowers of this species secrete nectar at the 

 bottom of a long corolla-tube, so as to be accessible only to long-tongued insects. 

 The pollen is shed on the still immature stigma. The style serves as an alighting 

 place, and in the first stage of anthesis affords pollen to visitors, while in the second 

 stage it terminates in the mature stigma. 



1262. I. coccinea L. — As the last species. 



398. Phyllis L. 



1263. P. Nobla L. This species is native to the Canary Islands. It is 

 markedly anemophilous (Delpino, Malpighia, Genova, iii, 1889). 



399. Crucianella L. 



1264. C. stylosa Trin. (=L. Asperula ciliata Pochel). (Francke, Inaug.- 

 Diss., Halle, 1883; Kerner, 'Nat. Hisl. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 265, 267.)— 

 Francke states that the pollen is shed while the flower is still a bud, and is 



