VALERIANAE 551 



(H. M.); 20. E. tenax L., skg. (H. M.); 21. Helophilus floreus Z., freq., skg. and 

 po-dvg. (H. M.); 22. H. pendulus L., do. (H. M.) ; 23. Syritta pipiens L., do. 

 (H. M.); 24. Volucella bombylans Z., do. (H. M.); 25. V. inanis Z., skg. (H. M.) ; 

 26. V. pellucens Z., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.). (f) Tabanidae: 27. Tabanus luridus 

 (H. M.). C. Hemiptera. 28. Pentatoma sp., skg. (H. M.). D. Hymenoptera. 

 (a) Apidae: 29. Apis mellifica Z., 5, freq. (H. M.); 30. Bombus pratorum Z. 5, skg. 

 (H. M.); 31. Chelostoma nigricorne i^^'^- ^> ^O- (Budd.); 32. Halictus malachurus 

 K. 5 (Budd.); 33. Small sp. of Halictus 5 and $, skg. (H. M.); 34. Sphecodes 

 gibbus Z., do. (Budd.). {b) Sphegidae: 35. Crabro vexillatus Pz. 5 (H. M.). 

 E. Lepidoptera. 36. Epinephele hyperanthus Z., skg. (H. M.). 



The folloM ing were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), a beetle, 16 flies, 6 Hymenoptera, and 5 Lepidoptera 

 (' Alpenblumen,' p. 469). Loew, the Muscid Spilogaster angelicae Scop. (' Bliitenbiol. 

 Floristik,' p. 398). MacLeod (Flanders), 4 Syrphids, a Muscid, a Lepidopterid, and 

 a beetle (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, P- 39^) ; (Pyrenees) a Lepidopterid, 

 3 Muscids, and 2 Syrphids (op. cit., iii, 1891, p. 346). Rossler (Wiesbaden), the 

 butterfly Limenitis Camilla 6". V. Schenck (Nassau), the fossorial wasp Gorytes 

 mystaceus Z. Lindman (Dovrefjeld), several saw-flies and flies, a humble-bee, and 

 2 Nitidulids. Knuth (Kiel) ('Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen'). — A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 

 I . Syrphus balteatus Z^c^., po-dvg. ; 2. Eristalis tenax Z., po-dvg. B. Lepidoptera. 

 Rhopalocera : 3. Pieris sp., skg. : (Riigen) — Diptera. \a) Muscidae: i. Aricia sp., 

 skg. {b) Stratiomyidae: 2. Odontomyia viridula Z"., freq., skg. (f) Syrphidae: 

 3. Eristahs pertinax Scop. 5, skg. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), the hover-fl)' 

 EristaUs nemorum Z., skg., and the honey-bee, do. : and on the var. altissima Mchx. 

 — the scarabaeid Cetonia aurata Z., dvg. the flowers, and 2 bees — i. Andrena 

 albicans Mull. 5, skg. and po-dvg. ; 2. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. 



1270. V. dioica L. — Sprengel ('Entd. Geh.,' pp. 65-7), and subsequently 

 Hermann Miiller ('Fertilisation,' p. 307), state that, the male flowers being consider- 

 ably larger than the female ones, the former are almost always visited first by insects, 

 so that crossing is effected. The corolla-tube of the male flower expands upwards 

 like a funnel, and is about 3 mm. long, while that of the female flower is only i mm. 

 in length : the nectar is consequently accessible even to the shortest- tongued insects. 

 Kerner says that the pseudo-hermaphrodite female flowers open 3-5 days earlier 

 than the pseudo-hermaphrodite male ones. According to Hermann Miiller the 

 unisexual flowers are of different sizes, and the vestiges of the organs of the other 

 sex are variable. Some male flowers have a very large corolla, and no trace of 

 a pistil ; others, a somewhat smaller corolla, and a vestigial pistil. There are also 

 female flowers with large corolla and small pistil ; others with large pistil and very 

 small corolla. In rare cases hermaphrodite flowers also occur. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth (Kiel) the honey-bee, skg. Herm. Miiller, ditto, and also the bee 

 Andrena albicans Mull. 5, 2 hover-flies (i. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. ; 2. Rhingia 

 rostrata Z., po-dvg.), Tipula, a butterfly (Pieris napi Z., skg.), and the beetle Meli- 

 gethes in great numbers. MacLeod (Flanders), 2 Muscids (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, v, 1893, p. 392). 



1271. V. montana L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 470-1 ; Schulz, 

 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 100, 101-2, 192.) — This species is gynodioecious in the canton 

 Graubiinden ; Schulz describes it as trimonoecious to trioecious in the Tyrol. Some 



