COMPOSITAE 



569 



observed the sensitiveness of the filaments of certain species (of Centaurea, Ono- 

 pordon, Cichorium, and Hieracium) (' 3. Fortsetzung,' p. 199, Leipzig, 1766). 

 Hildebrand' has made the mechanism of the style the subject of a thorough 

 investigation (' tJ. d. Geschlechtsverhaltn. b. d. Compositen,' Nova Acta Leop., 

 Halle, 1869). Delpino in 1870 discussed the oecological peculiarities of the 



Fig. 189. Styles and Stigmas of Coinpositae [iyova \viX.^xi^)- (i) Enlarged tip of the style of Bidens, 

 with branches still almost apposed; on the outside are prominent sweeping-hairs, which diminish in size 

 towards the apex. (2) Ditto, with the branches of the style spread out ; their inner surface is closely beset 

 with stigmatic papillae. (3) Enlarged tip of the style of Aster, still closed. The conical apex is densely 

 beset with prominent sweeping-hairs, and below these are seen the stigmatic papillae. (4) Enlarged tip 

 of the style of a disk-floret of Chrysanthemum segetum Z», in the first (male) stage. (5) Ditto, in the 

 second (female) stage, greatly enlarged. (6) Enlarged tip of the style of a ray.fioret of the same plant, 



with diverging stigmatic branches. (7) Tip of the style of a disk-floret of the same plant, seen from 

 within ; in the centre is a stylar groove filled with pollen-grains ; greatly enlarged. 



flowers of Compositae, and Hermann Miiller in 1873 gave a review of the order 

 as regards pollination mechanisms ('Fertilisation,' pp. 315-18). 



The many small flowers are aggregated into a head, which is closely 



' He here deals with the following species. — Taraxacum officinale (pp. 7 et seq., Taf. I, 

 Figs. 1-7) ; Cichorium intybus (Taf. I, Figs. 8-10) ; Vernonia scaberrima (p. 14) ; Cacalia 

 sonchifolia (p. 15, Taf. I, Figs. 11-13) ; Eupatorium riparium and E. cannabinum (pp. 16-17, 

 Taf. I, Figs. 14-19) ; Liatris spicata (pp. 17-19, Taf. I, Figs. 20-5); Dahlia variabilis (pp. 19-20, 

 Taf. I, Figs. 26-9); Bidens tripartita (Taf I, Figs. 30-1); Agathaea coelestis (pp. 20-1, Taf. II, 

 Figs. 1-6) ; Solidago virgaurea (pp. 22-3, Taf. II, Figs. 7-10) ; Bellis perennis (pp. 23-4, Taf II, 

 Figs. 11-15); Telekia speciosa (pp. 24-5, Taf. II, Figs. 16-17); Doronicum macrophyllum 

 (pp. 25-6, Taf. II, Figs. 18-28) ; Senecio populifolius (pp. 27-8, Taf. II, Figs. 29-36) ; Gaillardia 

 lanceolata (pp. 28-9, Taf. Ill, Figs. 1-3) ; Silphinm doronicifolium (pp. 29-31, Taf. Ill, Figs. 4-9) ; 

 Calendula arvensis (pp. 31-3, Taf. Ill, Figs. 10-17) ; C. officinalis (p. 33, Taf. Ill, Figs. 18-20); 

 Melampodinm divaricatum (pp. 33-4, Taf. Ill, Figs. 21-5) ; Madaria elegans (pp. 34-5, Taf. IV, 

 Figs. 26-7) ; Petasites officinalis (pp. 35-40, Taf. IV, Figs. 1-19) ; Gnaphalium dioicium (pp. 40-2, 

 Taf. Ill, Figs. 26-32) ; Gazania rigens and G. speciosa (pp. 42-4, Taf. IV, Figs. 20-5); Crypto- 

 btemma hypochondriacnm (pp. 44-5, Taf. VI, Figs. 23-5) ; Arctotis acaulis (p. 45, Taf. VI, 

 Figs. 21-2); Lappa minor and other sp. (p. 46, Taf. V, Fig. 32); Echinops sphaerocephalns 

 (pp. 46-8, Taf. VI, Figs. 1-3) ; Xeranthemum annuum (pp. 48-50, Taf. V, Figs. 24-30) ; 

 Centanrea montana (pp. 50-6, Taf. V, Figs. 1-23) ; C. scabiosa (pp. 56-7) ; C. dealbata (pp. 59-60, 

 Taf. VI, Figs. 6-9) ; Cnicns benedictus (pp. 57-8, Taf. V, Fig. 31) ; Amberoa Lippii (Taf. VI, 

 Fig. 4-5) ; Jnrinea alata (pp. 58-9) ; Silybum Marianum (pp. 60-2, Taf. VI, Figs. 10-20). 



