COMPOSITAE 



577 



the heads become older, and the growth of the corollas ceases, the power of 

 closing at night is gradually lost; this is well known to depend upon differential 

 growth of the ligulate florets. Female florets are consequently better protected 

 against unfavourable weather than male ones. After the female florets have been 

 fertilized they still retain their fresh appearance, and it is only when the male 

 florets, which open much later, have discharged their pollen, that the heads wither. 

 Visitors. — Alfken and Hoppner (H.) observed the following at Bremen.— 



A. Diptera. {a) Conopidae: i. Myopa sp. (3) Muscidae: 2. Anthomyia sp. ; 



3. Lucilia caesar Z., skg. and po-cltg. ; 4. Musca domestica L. ; 5. Pollenia vespillo 

 /'.,freq., skg. {c) Syrphidae: 6. Cheilosia sp.; 7. Eristalis tenax Z., very common, skg. 

 B. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae : 8. Andrena albicans Miill. S, not infrequent, skg. ; 

 9. A. albicrus K. i, rare, skg.; 10. A. apicata Sm. i and 5 (H.); n. A. clarkella K. 

 $, not infrequent, skg. ; 12; A. flavipes Pz. 5, freq., skg. and po-dvg., t> freq., skg. ; 

 13. A. gwynana K., not infrequent, 5, skg. and po-cltg., S skg. ; 14. A. lapponica Zetl. 

 J; 15. A. morawitzi Ths. 5 and t, skg. (H.) ; 16. A. nigroaenea K. 5 and S (H.) 

 17. A. parvula K., freq., 5 skg. and po-cltg., S skg.; 18. A. praecox Scop. 5 and 6 

 19. A. rufitarsis Zeti. 5 and i; 20. A. thoracica P., rare, 5 skg. and po-cltg., S skg. 

 21. A. tibialis K. t> (H.) ; 22. A. tibialis K. 5, rare ; 23. A. varians K. 5 and t>, rare 

 24. Apis mellifica Z., 5, very common, skg. and po-dvg.; 25. Bombus agrorum F. $ 

 (H.); 26. B. jonellus .ff'. 5, freq.; 27. B. terrester Z. 5, do.; 28. Nomada bifida Ths. 

 i, one ; 29. N. borealis Zett. 5 and t, not infrequent, skg. ; 30. N. fabriciana Z. 0, 

 one, skg. S, freq., skg. ; 31. N. flavoguttata K., var. hoppneri Alfken 5 and 5. 

 (3) Sphegidae: 32. Ammophila sabulosa Z. $, freq., skg.; 33. A. hirsuta Scop. 

 5 and S, skg. C. Lepidoptera. (a) Nymphalidae : 34. Vanessa antiopa Z., skg. 

 (H.) ; 35. V. io Z., freq., skg. ; 36. V. urticae Z., do. (b) Pieridae : 37. Rhopalocera 

 rhamni Z., freq., skg. 



Burkill gives the following list for the Yorkshire coast (' Fertlsn. of Spring 

 Fls.').— 



A. Araneidae. i. Xysticus pini Hahn., freq., lying in wait for flies. 

 B. Coleoptera. 2. Meligethes picipes Sturm., po-dvg. ; 3. Omalium florale Payk. ; 



4. Thyamis fuscicoUis Foudr. C. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 5. Calliphora (Onesia) 

 cognata Mg. ; 6. C. erythrocephala Mg., skg. ; 7. C. (Onesia) sepulcralis Mg., do.; 

 8. C. vomitoria Z., do.; 9. Actora aestuum Mg., po-dvg.; 10. Coelopa sp. ; 11. 

 Ephydra sp. ; 12. Helomyza sp., skg. and po-dvg.; 13. Hylemyia sp. ; 14. Lasiops 

 sp., skg.; 15. Lucilia cornicinai^., skg. and po-dvg. ; i6. Phorbia sp. ; 17. Pollenia 

 rudis F.; 18. Scatophaga stercoraria Z., skg. and po-dvg. ; 19. Sepsis nigripes Mg., 

 do. (J>) Phoridae: 20. Phora sp. {c) Syrphidae: 21. Eristalis horticola Z'^^. ; 22. E. 

 pertinax Scop., skg. and po-dvg. ; 23. Melanostoma quadrimaculata Verral, skg. ; 

 24. Platycheirus sp. ; 25. Syrphus lasiophthalmus Z«//. ; 26. S. macularis Zf//. \d) 

 Cecidomyidae : 27. Cecidomyia sp. D. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae: 28. Andrena 

 clarkella K. 5 and S, skg. ; 29. A. gwynana K. 5 and $ ; 30. A. nigroaenea K. 5 and 

 S; 31. Apis mellifica Z., skg. and po-cltg.; 32. Bombus agrorum F., skg.; 33. B. 

 terrester Z., do. {b) Formicidae : 34. Formica fusca Z. (c) Ichneumonidae : 35. 

 Ichneumon sp. E. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 36. Vanessa urticae Z. skg. 

 F. Thysanoptera. 37. Thrips sp. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 

 Knuth (Kiel), the honey-bee, very freq., skg. and po-cltg. Herm. Miiller 

 (Westphalia), 4 bees — i. Apis mellifica Z., skg. and po-cltg.; 2. Andrena fulvicrus 

 K. $, skg. ; 3. A. gwynana K. 5, skg. and po-dvg. ; 4. A. parvula K. j, do. ; flies 

 (Bombylius major Z., skg., and Eristalis tenax Z., po-dvg.) ; and the beetle 

 Meligethes, freq., po-dvg. ; also (Alps), 2 1 flies, 3 bees, an ant, and 2 Lepidoptera. 

 Wiistnei (Alsen), 2 bees (Andrena tibialis A'., and A. ruficrus Nyl.), MacLeod 



DAVIS, II p P 



