COMPOSITAE 591 



1359. E. canadensis L. (Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' p. 65.) — In this species the 

 heads are only 5 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, and 3 mm. broad above. The female 

 ray-florets are very numerous. Kirchner gives their length as 3 mm., the 

 slender filiform whitish tongue, which stands erect, measuring less than i mm. 

 The disk-florets (3 mm. long) are all hermaphrodite, slender, tubular, and coloured 

 yellow above. Automatic self-pollination does not appear to take place, despite the 

 inconspicuousness of the heads (but cf. Kerner's statement, quoted above). 



Visitors. — Schenck noticed the bee Halictus pauxiUus Schenck in Nassau. 



1360. E. alpinusL. (Herm. Mtiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 445-7.) — This species 

 is gynomonoecious, with two forms of female florets. The yellow disk is 5-7 mm. 

 in diameter, and surrounded by a ray of slender reddish-lilac florets, with tongues 

 5 mm. long. In these heads there are three kinds of florets: — (i) fertile female 

 ray-florets, with tongues which enhance conspicuousness ; (2) fertile female florets, 

 devoid of tongues, between the margin and centre of the disk, serving only for 

 the production of fruits ; (3) hermaphrodite florets in the middle of the head, pro- 

 ducing nectar and pollen, and with stigmas adapted for crossing, and probably, 

 in the absence of insect visitors, for automatic self-pollination. Kerner says that 

 the stigmas of the female florets become receptive a few days before pollen is 

 produced in the hermaphrodite ones of the same inflorescence. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Muller, a fly and 2 Lepidoptera. MacLeod (Pyrenees), a Lepidopterid 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 359). Lindman (Dovrefjeld), a Lepido- 

 pterid. 



1361. E. compositus Pursh. (Abromeit, ' Bot. Ergeb. von Drygalski's Gron- 

 landsexped.,' pp. 65-7.) — This species is native to Greenland, arctic America, and 

 the highest parts of the Rocky Mountains. Abromeit says that there are three 

 varieties, in which the rose-coloured to pale-violet ray-florets are, respectively, 1 2 mm. 

 long (var. grandiflorus Hook.), 6-7 mm. long (var. breviradiatus), and absent (var. 

 dtscoideus A. Gr.). 



1362. E. acris L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' p. 65.) — In this species the heads 

 are 8-10 mm. in diameter. Kirchner states that the female florets agree with 

 Hermann MuUer's description of E. alpinus. The 30-40 female ray-florets possess 

 a tube 3-4 mm. long, and a slender lilac-coloured tongue of the same length. The 

 outer part of the disk is occupied by a great number of other female florets, white 

 in colour, and devoid of tongues. In the middle of the head there are 6-12 or 

 more yellow hermaphrodite florets, of which the stylar branches ultimately diverge. 

 When flowering is over the hermaphrodite florets assume a dirty dark-red colour. 



1363. E. uniflorus L. (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 447.) — This species 

 is gynomonoecious, with only one kind of female floret. The yellow disk is not 

 more than 3-4 mm. in diameter; but the white or bright-red tongues of the 

 numerous ray-florets extend this to a surface 8-15 mm. across. 



The species is widely distributed in the arctic and boreal regions. Abromeit 

 states that there are several sub-species in Greenland (e. g. E. pulchellus Fries, and 

 E. eriocephalus J. Vahl), these being distinguished by the purple-red colour of the 



