598 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



insects. The stylar branches project i mm. from the disk-florets, and diverge at an 

 angle of 45-60°. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed the following in Thuringia. — 



A, Coleoptera. Cerambycidae: i. Strangalia bifasciata Mull., gnawing the 

 anthers. B. Diptera. (a) Empidae: 2. Empis sp., skg. (p) Muscidae: 3. Aricia 

 sp., skg. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 4. Coelioxys conoidea ///. $, skg. ; 

 5. Megachile centuncularis Z., S, do. ; 6. Nomada ruficornis Z. 5, do. ; 7. Osmia 

 spinulosa K. 5, extremely numerous, actively po-cltg. ; 8. Stelis breviuscula iVy/. 5, 

 skg. (6) Tenthredinidae : 9. Tarpa cephalotes F., freq., skg. D. Lepidoptera. 

 Rhopalocera: 10. Coenonympha pamphilus Z., skg.; 11. Mehtaea athalia Roit., very 

 common, skg.; 12. Thecla ilicis Esp., skg. 



1399. I. Helenium L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 91.) — 

 Visitors. — Buddeberg observed the following in Nassau. — 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. ; 2. Volucella 

 inanis Z., do. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae -. 3. Anthidium manicatum Z., S, skg. (?) ; 

 4. Andrena minutula K. 5, do. ; 5. Chelostoma nigricorne Nyl. S, do. ; 6. Coelioxys 

 rufescens Lep. 5 and S, do. ; 7. Epeolus variegatus Z., do. ; 8. Halictus leucopus K. 

 i, do.; 9. H. sexcinctus /'. 5 and 5, po-cltg. and skg.; 10. H. tetrazonius Elg. 5, 

 do.; II. Osmia claviventris Thorns. 5, do.; 12. Stelis aterrima Pz. 5 and S, very 

 numerous, skg. ; 13. S. phaeoptera K. 5, occasional, skg. 



Handlirsch, on the authority of Assmuss, records the fossorial wasp, Alyson 

 fuscatus Pz. 



1400. I. britannica L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 92.) — 



Visitors. — -Buddeberg observed the following in Nassau. — 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae : 1. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. Apidae: 2. Anthidium manicatum Z. J, skg.; 3. Epeolus variegatus Z. 

 5 and S, do.; 4. Panurgus calcaratus Scop. 5 and J, skg. and po-dvg. 



Alfken (Bremen) noticed the parasitic humble-bee Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. $, 

 skg. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) records the bug Eurygaster maura Z. 



1401. I. salicina L. (Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) — In 

 this species the stigmas of the female ray-florets are still receptive when the outer 

 hermaphrodite disk-florets open, so that geitonogamy without the help of insects 

 is easily possible. The stylar branches of the tubular florets are flattened, and 

 somewhat enlarged apically, so that as long as they remain apposed in the anther- 

 cylinder they form a clavate terminal expansion by which the pollen is pushed out. 

 Sweeping-hairs are only present in very small numbers at the extreme tip, and 

 owing to the peculiar construction of the stylar branches are almost superfluous. 

 Internally these branches are beset with very short stigmatic papillae, and ultimately 

 diverge to an angle as much as 90°, but without becoming reflexed. Since they 

 are relatively long, the pollen of younger florets can easily reach the stigmas of 

 older ones, and thus effect geitonogamy in the absence of insect visitors. The 

 pollen-grains are yellow in colour, polyhedral, with marginal spinose tubercles, about 

 22 /i in diameter. 



Visitors. — Loew (Brunswick) observed the moth Zygaena onobrychis .S". V., 

 skg. (' Beitrage,' p. 50). 



