COMPOSITAE 609 



the ovaries of the former are vestigial, and the papillose stigmatic branches do not 

 diverge. 



Delpino divides the genus Artemisia {sens, strict.) into three sub-genera. — 

 1. Absinthium Tourn. (A. Absinthium Z., and A. camphorata Vill^^ representing 

 early stages of anemophily, i. e. with dust-like pollen that scatters itself, but with the 

 stigmas of the female florets still short, brightly coloured corollas to the hermaphrodite 

 florets, and heads that are not always pendulous. 2. Evartemia Delp. With better 

 marked adaptations to anemophily, i. e. prominent feathery stigmas in the female 

 florets, inconspicuous brownish corollas, and ovoid or ventricose pendulous heads. 

 3. Seriphidium Bess. With further specialized adaptations to anemophily, especially 

 heads containing a small number of hermaphrodite homogamous florets. 



Kirchner rightly maintains that, between the normal Senecionidae and the species 

 of Artemisia belonging to Delpino's sub-genus Absinthium, it would be more correct 

 to introduce another group, including those species of Artemisia (e.g. A. glacialis Z., 

 A. Mutellina Vill., and A. spicata Wulf.) which may more accurately be described as 

 entomophilous than anemophilous. Warnstorf (Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896) 

 describes as follows the flower mechanism of A. Absinthum, A. vulgaris, and A. 

 campestris. — The florets of the small heads are all tubular; the female ray-florets 

 possess a corolla-lube that is somewhat wider below and narrows gradually above, 

 passing into a 5-partite limb not sharply defined. The stylar branches are developed 

 before the central hermaphrodite florets are mature. In A. vulgaris and A. campestris 

 they are relatively long, devoid of apical thickenings and actual sweeping-hairs, but 

 closely beset with stigmatic papillae. At a later stage they diverge and curve more 

 or less outwards, so as to come into contact with the pollen produced by their own 

 capitulum. The yellow or reddish hermaphrodite florets are bell-shaped above, 

 and the corolla-lobes expand when the pollen is ripe, so that the five awl-shaped 

 appendages on the upper part of the anther cylinder protrade. The two stigmatic 

 branches lie close together, and are expanded above, forming a funnel-shaped apical 

 depression covered all round with long papillose sweeping-hairs. They are still 

 within the anther-cyKnder, but have already brushed out the pollen. This lodges 

 only for a short time between the appendages of the anthers, for owing to its small 

 size and the absence of any means of adhesion it is soon carried away by the wind. 

 The position of the head is also exceedingly favourable to anemophily. The stylar 

 branches now project beyond the limb of the corolla, and curve outwards from one 

 another. They turn their inner stigmatic surfaces upwards, and the appendages of 

 the anther-cylinder retract themselves into the corolla. The pollen-grains are small, 

 yellowish in colour, rounded or ellipsoidal, tuberculated, on an average 25 /<. long and 

 1 8 /A broad. 



1443. A. glacialis L. — Kirchner ('Beitrage,' pp. 67-8) says that at Zermati 

 the individual florets of this species are very small, but the inflorescences are by no 

 means inconspicuous, for the corollas are of a golden-yellow colour. About 30-40 

 florets are aggregated into an erect head 4-6 mm. in diameter, and usually 5-7 of 

 these are crowded together. The species is gynomonoecious, with protandrous 

 hermaphrodite florets. In each head there are female ray-florets. Pollen is brushed 

 out of the central hermaphrodite florets by the two apposed stylar branches, which 

 are somewhat expanded above and covered with sweeping-hairs, while below they 



