COMPOSITAE 633 



1497. S. viscosus L. — Kerner says that the stylar branches in this species 

 ultimately roll back in a semicircle so far that their stigmatic papillae touch the pollen 

 which remains clinging to the elongated pappus-hairs of the same floret. 



Visitors. — Buddeberg observed the bee Panurgus calcaratus Scop. } skg. and 

 po-cltg., t skg. (Herm. Mailer, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 90). 



1498. S. sylvaticus L. (Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 94.) — 

 The diameter of the yellow heads of this species is only 5 mm. The few ray-florets 

 (9-12) possess very small tongues, which roll up in dry weather. The disk-florets 

 number about 40, and are 8 mm. in length, including the ovary, which is 2 mm. 

 long. The stylar branches, only the tips of which are covered with sweeping-hairs, 

 roll back in a semicircle during the second stage of anthesis, so that the pollen-grains 

 still clinging to the collecting-hairs fall upon the exposed stigmatic papillae, thus 

 effecting automatic self-pollination if crossing has not already taken place. 



Visitors. — Buddeberg (Oberpfalz) saw 2 po-dvg. flies (Echinomyia magnicornis 

 Zelt., and Melithreptus scriptus L.) (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 90). 

 Sickmann (Osnabriick) records the fossorial wasp Mellinus arvensis Z. 



1499. S. Doronicum L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 438-40.) — In 

 this species 100-200 female florets form an orange-yellow disk 10-20 mm. in 

 diameter. The ray-florets, about 20 in number, extend this to a star 36-58 mm. 

 broad. The male stage of the disk-florets lasts only for a very short time, for 

 the outermost row spread out their stylar branches before those adjoining them have 

 opened. The female stage persists longer, the stigmas of the outermost florets being 

 still receptive, when the central ones are just entering on this stage. Kerner says that 

 geitonogamy is possible, as in Aronicum glaciale, by the swelling up of the common 

 receptacle {cf. p. 630). 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated.— 



Herm. Miiller, a beetle, 14 flies, 4 Hymenoptera, and 39 Lepidoptera. Loew 

 (Switzerland), Merodon cinereus F. ; also (Berlin Botanic Garden) 3 bees — i. Heriades 

 truncorum L. 5, po-cltg.; 2. Osmia fulviventris Pz. 5, do. ; 3. Stelis phaeoptera K. 

 t, skg. 



1500. S. paludosus L. — 



Visitors. — Heinsius (Wageningen) observed the hover- fly Eristalis horticola 

 Deg. S, and the beetle Meligethes aeneus F. 



1501. S. nemorensis L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 90, 'Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 440-1.)— 



The heads in this species are made up of 10-13 disk-florets and 5-6 ray- 

 florets, and their total diameter is only 4-6 mm. As, however, 20-30 or even more 

 heads are aggregated into a loose corymb, the plant is moderately conspicuous. 

 Kerner states that automatic self-pollination may be efl'ected by the rolling back of 

 the stylar branches. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 4 flies, 4 bees, and lo Lepidoptera in the 

 Alps ; and the following in Central Germany. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Compidae: i.Conopsscutellatus71/^.,skg. {b)Leptidae: 2.Leptis 

 tringaria Z., skg. (c) Muscidae : 3. Aricia sp. ; 4. Echinomyia fera Z., skg. (?). 



