650 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



i, and Psithyrus barbutellus K. S, very freq. Schletterer and von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), 

 the bee Melecta luctuosa Scop. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), on the var. ama- 

 rantinum, a beetle (Cetonia aurata Z., dvg. the florets), 2 hover-flies (Syrphus balteatus 

 Deg., and S. coroUae F.), and 2 bees (Bombus pratorum L. S, and Psithyrus vestalis 

 Fourcr. S). 



1529. C. oleraceum Scop.xC acaule Wigg. (=C. decoloratum KocK). 

 (Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxiii, 1896.) — This hybrid is gynodioecious. 

 The flower mechanism is like that of C. acaule. The limb of the corolla is white or 

 pale lilac in colour, and its tube about 10 mm. long. The stylar branches are white. 

 The pollen-grains are white, rounded, spinose, about 50 /i.in diameter. 



Visitors. — Loew observed a bee (Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. S, skg.) and a butter- 

 fly (Pieris brassicae Z., freq., skg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1530. C. acaule Wigg, x C. oleracetim Scop. — 



Visitors. — Loew observed 2 bees (Bombus terrester Z. $, skg.; and Psithyrus 

 campestris Pz. 5, do.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1531. C. oleraceum Scop, x C. palustre Scop. ( = C. hybridum Koch and 

 C. lacteum KocK). — In this hybrid the leaves are not decurrent, and there are no 

 glandular swellings on the involucral bracts. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as 

 white in colour, spheroidal or ellipsoidal, and varying greatly in size (from 37 /x to 

 56 fi. in diameter) (Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896). 



1532. C. spinosissimum Scop. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 423-4.) 

 — This species is very prickly, and bears a number of yellowish -white heads, the 

 conspicuousness of which is increased by the involucral bracts being of the same 

 colour. The corolla-tube is 8-9 mm. in length, and ends in a bell 4-5 mm. 

 deep, with 5 lobes about 5 mm. long. The flower mechanism resembles that of 

 C. heterophyllum. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), 6 beetles, 6 flies, 15 Hymenoptera, and 14 Lepidoptera. 

 Loew (Heuthal), a Hesperid (Hesperia comma Z., skg.), a Noctuid (Agrotis occelina 

 S.-V>j, and a hawk-moth (Zygaena exulans Hcfnv. et Rein), von Dalla Torre 

 (Otzthaler Alps), the humble-bee Bombus mastrucatus Gerst. 5. Schmiedeknecht 

 (teste Morawitz) and von Dalla Torre and Schletterer (Tyrol), the bee Osmia confusa 

 Mor. The last-named also records 3 humble-bees — i. Bombus alticola Krchb. 5 

 (po-cltg. in the heaviest rain) ; 2. B. hortorum Z. 5; 3. the parasitic species Psithyrus 

 globosus Ev. 



1533. C. ochroleucum All. ( = Cnicus ochroleucus Spreng.). — 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 4 humble-bees and a butterfly in the Alps 

 ('Alpenblumen,' p. 425). 



1534. C. monspessulanum Hill ( = Cnicus monspessulanusiSo/^). — MacLeod 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 350-1) says that the stem of this species 

 bears 3-4 purple-coloured heads, each 25-30 mm. in diameter. The tube of the 

 corolla is 7-8 mm. in length, and the bell 6-7 mm. deep, with lobes 3-4 mm. long. 

 A proboscis 6 mm. in length is therefore required to reach the nectar. 



Visitors. — MacLeod (Pyrenees) observed 4 humble-bees, 9 Lepidoptera, and 



