656 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



been swept out covers the florets ; in the second st^ge the stigma projects 5-7 mm. 

 beyond the lobes of the corolla, $nd the stigmatic papillae are turned prominently 

 outwards. As regards the irritability of the filaments in this species, Kerner says 

 that as in other Compositae the pollen is protected from rain and dew by the 

 anther-cylinder, but by the retraction of this the .upper end of the style and the 

 pollen covering it are exposed. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following 

 list for Central Germany. — 



A. Coleoptera. Coccinellidae: i. Coccinella mutabilis Scrib., vainly seeking 

 for nectar (H. M.). B. Hemiptera. 2. Capsus, 2 different sp., skg. (H. M.) ; 



3. Lygaeus equestris L., skg. (H. M., Thuringia). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 



4. Andrena schrankella Nyl. $ (H. M.); 5. Bombus lapidarius Z. 5, skg. (H. M.) ; 

 6. Psithyrus rupestris F. 5, do. (H. M.); 7. Bombus terrester L. $, do. (H. M.) ; 

 8. Coelioxys conoidea ///. 5, do. (H. M.) ; 9. Halictus cylindricus F. j (Budd.) ; 

 ID. H. leucozonius Schr. $, skg. (H. M., Thuringia); 11. H. maculatus Sm., po-cltg. 

 (H. M., Thuringia); 12. H. quadricinctus F. 5, skg. (Budd.); 13. H. quadristrigatus 

 Lir. 5, do. (H. M.); 14. H. sexcinctus F. $ (Budd.); 15. H. tetrazonius Klg. 5 

 (Budd.); 16. Megachile lagopoda Z. $ and S, po-cltg. and skg. (H. M., Budd.); 

 17. M. ligniseca K. $, do. (Budd.); 18. Osmia aurulenta Pz. $, do. (H. M., 

 Thuringia); 19. O. fulviventris Pz. 5, freq., skg. and po-cltg. (Budd.); 20. Saro- 

 poda bimaculata Pz. J, skg. (H. M.); 21. Stelis aterrima Pz. $ and S, do. (H. M., 

 Budd.); 22. S. phaeoptera K. 5, do. (Budd.). (3) Sphegidae: 23. Psammophila 

 affinis K. $, skg. (H. M.). D. Lepidoptera. (a) Rhopalocera : all skg. : 24. 

 Hesperia sylvanus Esp. (H. M., Thuringia); 25. Melanargia galatea Z. (H. M.) ; 

 26. Vanessa cardui Z. (H. M., Thuringia) ; 27. V. urticae Z. (H. M.). (b) Sphingtdae : 

 28. Macroglossa stellatarum Z., skg. (H. M.). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Herm. MuUer (Alps), a humble-bee. Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), 4 skg. 

 humble-bees (i. Bombus agrorum F.; 2. B. hortorum Z. ; 3. B. lapidarius Z. ; 

 4. B. terrester Z.), 4 skg. butterflies (i. Pieris napi Z. ; 2. Vanessa atalanta Z. ; 

 3. V. io Z.; 4. V. urticae Z.), and a Muscid (Calliphora erythrocephala Mg.): 

 (Riigen), a butterfly (Pieris sp.). Gerstacker (Berlin), the bee Osmia fulviventris 

 Pz. 5. Schmiedeknecht (Thuringia), the bee Osmia solskyi Mor. $. Friese (Hungary), 

 the bee Eucera nigrifacies Lep. Schiner (Austria), the Muscid Tephritis postica Loew. 

 von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), 5 bees, — i. Bombus hypnorum Z. $ ; 2. B. muscorum F. % ; 

 3. Andrena cetii Schr. 5 ; 4. Halictus sexcinctus Fbr. 5 ; 5. Stelis phaeoptera K. }. 

 Schletterer (Tyrol), 4 bees, — i. Andrena marginata i^. ; 2. Bombus hypnorum Z. ; 

 3. Halictus sexcinctus F. ; 4. Stelis phaeoptera K. 



471. Lappa Rupp. 



Florets tubular, hermaphrodite. Siylar branches very short, beset internally with 

 stigmatic papillae, externally with short pointed sweeping-hairs directed obliquely 

 upwards, extending below the bifurcation, and ending beneath in a ring of longer 

 sweeping-hairs. 



1549. L. minor DC. (Hildebrand, ' U. d. Geschlechtsverhalt b. d. Compositen,' 

 p. 46, Taf. V, Fig. 32 ; Herm. MUller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 338, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 84 ; 

 Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 161.) — In this species the heads are rather 

 small, usually only about the size of a hazel-nut, but they are rendered more conspicuous 

 by the reddish colour of the inner involucral bracts. The corolla is coloured purple 



