COMPOSITAE 657 



above, and Herm. Miiller states that its bell is 3 mm. long. The lobes of the corolla 

 are erect, triangular, and only i mm. in length. During the first stage of anthesis the 

 pollen is discharged from the anther-cylinder ; in the second stage the style projects 

 from its tip to 1-2 mm. below the ring of longer sweeping-hairs, and its branches 

 diverge completely. These are beset with stigmatic papillae on their inner surface. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth (North Frisian Islands and Kiel), Apis and 2 Lepidoptera (Pieris sp., 

 and Plusia gamma Z.), skg, Herm. Miiller (Westphalia), 2 bees (Bombus agrorum 

 F. 5, skg.; and Halictus longulus Sm. 5, do.). Buddeberg (Nassau), 2 bees 

 (Halictus cylindricus F. 5 and S, skg., and Stelis aterrima Pz. $ and S, do.), and 

 a fossorial wasp (Ammophila sabulosa L. 5, skg.). Alfken (Bremen), the humble-bee 

 Bombus proteus Gerst. S. MacLeod (Pyrenees), a humble-bee (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 359). 



1550. L. tomentosa Lam. — 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller, a Noctuid (Plusia gamma Z., skg.) and 5 bees — i. Apis, skg. and 

 po-cltg. ; 2. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and t, skg. ; 3. B. sylvarum Z. 5, do. ; 4. Psithyrus 

 campestris Pz. t, do.; 5. Megachile centuncularis Z. ?, do. ('Fertilisation,' p. 338). 

 Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), the last-named bee : (Switzerland), the Muscid 

 Trypeta tussilaginis F. ('Beitrage,' p. 59). H. de Vries (Netherlands), 2 humble-bees 

 (Bombus agrorum F. 5, and B. subterraneus Z. S) and a parasitic humble-bee 

 (Psithyrus campestris Pz. J) (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. Ser., 2. Deel, 

 1875)- 



1551. L. major Gaertn.— 



Visitors. — Herm. Mailer (Alps) noticed Apis, 3 humble-bees, and 3 Lepidoptera 

 ('Alpenblumen,' p. 426). 



472. Carlina L. 



Florets hermaphrodite. The whitish inner bracts of the involucre take the 

 place of ray-florets, but, besides adding to the conspicuousness of the head, they 

 serve as a protection, closing over the florets in wet weather. The style bears 

 numerous sweeping-hairs on the outer side of its tip, which is shaped like an 

 inverted club, and these hairs extend below the cleft. The stylar branches are 

 very short and remain almost closed, but allow a row of stigmatic papillae to 

 protrude along their outer edges where they touch. The outer involucral bracts 

 are spinose, forming an effective protection against animals that might creep up 

 to the flowers. 



1552. C. acatilis L. (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 414-15; Knuth, 

 ' Blutenbiol. Herbstbeob.,' ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — In this species several hundred 

 similar florets make up the inconspicuous head, which lies upon the ground, and is 

 20-40 mm. in diameter. The 60-80 inner invokicral bracts are dry, rigid, band-shaped, 

 and of a glistening white colour. They measure 35-40 mm. in length and 2^3 mm. 

 in breadth, and give to the head the appearance of a shining star 75-80 mm. in 

 diameter. The corolla-tube of each floret is 4-5 mm. long, and the bell 5-6 mm. 

 The short, blunt stylar branches are scarcely i mm. in length, and bear a circlet of 



DAVIS. II U U 



