664 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



30. Pieris napi Z., freq.^- 31. P. rapae Z. ; 32. Polyommatus phlaeas Z., freq. ; 

 33. Vanessa urticae Z. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 

 Kirchner, humble-bees and a hover-fly (Eristalis tenax Z.). Heinsius (Holland), 

 a Conopid (Sicus ferrugineus Z. S), 3 bees (i. Bombus agrorum F.t>; 2. Coelioxys 

 conica Z. $ ; 3. Megachile centuncularis Z. 5), and a butterfly (Pieris brassicae Z. Z). 

 MacLeod (Pyrenees), 12 Hymenoptera, 18 Lepidoptera, a beetle, and 6 flies (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 356-7). Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), Apis, 

 7 humble-bees, another long-tongued bee, 5 hover-flies, 3 Muscids, and 5 Lepidoptera 

 ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. loi). E. D. Marquard (Cornwall), the bee Andrena 

 denticulata K. Saunders (England), the bee Rophites quinquespinosus Spin. 



1568. C. montana L. (Hildebrand, ' U. d. Geschlechtsverhalt. b. d. Compositen,' 

 pp. 50-6, Taf. V, Figs. i-23.)-^In this species the funnel-shaped ray-florets are 

 neuter, while the disk-florets are hermaphrodite. Hildebrand says that the longer 

 sweeping-hairs on the style of the latter are not at the same level, but form an arch 

 beneath the stylar branches. As the style grows up it sweeps the p>ollen before it, 

 first into the empty cone formed by the teeth of the anthers, then out of the apex of 

 this cone. When an insect visits the florets, the filaments contract when touched 

 by its proboscis, so that still larger masses of pollen protrude, and adhere to the 

 ventral surface of the visitor. The style now protrudes, and the papillose inner 

 surfaces of its branches become exposed. With reference to the secretion of 

 nectar by the involucral bracts, vide p. 661. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), the humble-bee Bombus hortorum Z., skg. : 

 (Iserlohn, in Westphalia), the humble-bee B. lapidarius Z. $, skg. (' Bloemenbiol. 

 Bijdragen '). Schenck (Nassau), 4 bees (1. Coelioxys quadridentata Z. ; 2. Megachile 

 centuncularis Z. ; 3. M. ericetorum Lep. ; 4. Stelis phaeoptera K.). Schletterer and 

 von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus pratorum Z. Loew (Berlin Botanic 

 Garden), 2 bees (Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg., and Osmia fulviventris Fz. i, do.). 



1569. C. axillaris Willd. — Kirchner ('Beitrage,' p. 71) had an opportunity of 

 examining the flower mechanism of this species on the Simplon, and found it agreed 

 with that of C. montana. The 9-12 neuter ray-florets possess such greatly enlarged 

 corollas that they project 25-35 ™™- f''0'" ^^^ involucre. The corolla-tubes of the 

 disk-florets are 9 mm., the bells 3 mm., and the corolla-lobes 7 mm. in length. The 

 anther-cylinder is 7 mm. long, and projects from the mouth of the floret. The 

 style grows 4 mm. beyond this, and in the second stage of anthesis its branches 

 become recurved. 



Visitors. — Kirchner observed humble-bees; and Loew saw the honey-bee in 

 the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1570. C. Phrygia L. — 



Visitors. — Hermann Miiller noticed 2 Lepidoptera in the Alps (' Alpenblumen,' 

 p. 415); and Loew saw the parasitic humble-bee Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. S, skg., in 

 the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1571. C. Mureti Jord. (=C. maculosa aucl. pro park, and C. caerulescens 



Willd.).— 



