526 CHORDATA, 
the temporal fossa to be inserted in the mandible, the 
coronoid process of which is large. In this region we also 
observe the strong and widely protruding zygomatic arch. 
The tympanic bone is expanded into a large bulbous swel- 
ling or tympanic bulla. If the inside of the cranium be 
viewed through the foramen magnum, a bony septum or 
tentorium will be seen which protrudes between cerebrum 
and cerebellum. 
Compared with the horse and ox the cranial part of the 
skull is larger and longer in comparison with the facial 
portion, the orbits face forwards and, in dried skulls, are 
confluent with the temporal fossze. 
Fig. 363.—THE SKULL OF THE DOG FROM THE RIGHT SIDE. 
(From FLower and LyDDEKER.) 
74 ay 
\ 
% 
We saw that the facial portion of the Ungulata (Horse 
and Ox) was long, partly at least to provide room for the 
long row of grinding molars. In the dog and cat the pro- 
portion between cranial and facial part is altered from at 
least two causes. Firstly, the brain is proportionately larger 
and more highly developed, hunting being a more intel- 
lectual pursuit than grazing ; and, secondly, the mechanical 
necessities for a powerful “bite” demand a shortened jaw. 
(See below.) a. 
The features given above are typical of the skull of the 
higher Carnivora, and they are mostly referable, directly or 
indirectly, to the carnivorous habit. 
