530 CHORDATA. 
and ulna are like those of the dog but proportionately 
longer. The carpal bones and manus are very similar, but 
the terminal phalanges of the digits can be withdrawn, with 
their sharp claws, over the penultimate phalanx. 
In the hind-limb and 
Fig. 366.—A SIDE View oF a CaT’s girdle we may note again 
Tor witH Rerracrite Craw. the greater length of limb 
but a general similarity to 
the dog. There are the 
same retractile claws as 
in the forelimb. As in 
the dog, the hallux is re- 
presented by a vestigial 
metatarsal. 
The stomach of these 
carnivorous types is al- 
ways simple and there is 
a small cecum. In the 
cat the tongue is armed 
with rasping horny papillee 
which assist the teeth in 
“stripping” bones. The 
intestine is always very 
short. The brain is well 
convoluted and the senses 
are highly developed. The 
external pinnze of the ear 
are large and triangular- 
On left the claw is retracted by the ligament shaped. Most of the 
Mincdaadthedweseet «© eats” ave lone and 
sensitive hairs or vibrissze 
on each side of the snout, useful in nocturnal prowls, as 
fine organs of touch. 
We may trace the same three series of features as 
were pointed out in the horse and ox, ze, (1) Resem- 
blances due to descent from a common ancestral species ; 
(2) Resemblances due to similar modifications since that 
time ; (3) Differences due to divergent modifications since 
that time. 
1. The Carnivora appear to be descended from 
very generalised mammals which combined many of the 
(After T. J. Parker.) 
