MAMMALIA. 583 
have retractile claws. The toes are usually 5, The single 
family of the Canzde is of world-wide distribution and com- 
prises the dogs, foxes, wolves and jackals. 
The Arvctoidea have, like the dogs, a large number ot 
teeth (often 3342). They are largely omnivorous and the 
molars are tuberculated with crowns worn to a flat surface. 
The auditory septum is absent and the bulla itself is 
flattened. The paroccipital process is quite free from it 
and projects downwards, as in other orders. All are either 
plantigrade or semi-plantigrade and there is the full com- 
plement of taes. 
Family 1.—Ursidae.—The largest forms are the Urside or bears, 
which are found everywhere except in Notogcea and the Ethiopian 
region. 
Family 2.—Procyonidae.—The Procyonide are a small family of 
fox-like animals, such as the American raccoons and coatis and the 
panda of the Oriental region. 
Family 3.—Mustelidae.—The third family, M/ustelide, have a small 
number of molars (4) and comprise the otter, the skunk of America, 
the badger of the Palearctic region, and a series of small fur-animals, 
such as the marten, sable and weasel. 
SUB-ORDER II.—PINNIPEDIA. 
The sub-order Prnnipedia have the limbs adapted for 
aquatic locomotion. The fore-limbs, as in Ce¢acea, form the 
paddles or flippers, but the hind-limbs are not aborted but 
reflected back to form a double “tail,” the true tail being 
correspondingly reduced. They still retain their hair and, 
to a large extent, their power of terrestrial progression. All 
the digits are retained and the first and fifth of the hind- 
limb are longer than the rest, forming a strong edge to the 
flipper. Between the digits is suspended a web. The claws 
of the hind-limb, when present, are situated on the upper 
surface of the digits and do not reach to their ends. The 
teeth vary considerably, but the incisor dentition is never 
complete and there is no carnassial tooth. 
Family 1.—Otariidae.—The eared-seals or sea-lions (Ofariida ) 
are the most terrestrial. They can place the sole of the hind-limb upon 
the ground and thus shuffle along. They are piscivorous in diet and 
congregate in herds at the breeding season. Their fur, with the longer 
hair removed, furnishes the ‘‘sealskin ” of commerce. 
