586 CHORDATA. 
families are the water-shrew (Potamogale) and the golden- 
moles (Chrysochloris) of the Ethiopian region, the tenrec 
(Centetes) of Madagascar and the mole-like Solenodon of 
West Indies (strictly speaking, comprised in the Neogoean 
realm). These families retain the more primitive trituber- 
cular teeth with a V-shaped cutting edge. 
ORDER XIV.— Chiroptera. 
The fox-bat has been used as an illustration of the 
Chiroptera. They are evidently closely allied to the 
Lnsectivora but have the fore-limbs modified for flight, the 
test of the skeleton also undergoing important modifications 
which have been noticed under the type. They resemble 
the Znsectivora in their simple brain (the cerebrum having 
few conyolutions and not extending over the cerebellum), in 
the abdominal testes and in the discoidal and deciduate 
placenta. 
SUB-ORDER I.—MICROCHIROPTERA. 
The sub-order Microchiroptera comprises a number of 
smaller insect-eating bats, with cusped molars and with 
greater adaptation for flight than the other sub-order, as 
shown by the presence of a claw on the first digit only 
and the part taken by the tail in the formation of the 
interfemoral membrane (see page 553). The common 
British bats and the South American vampires belong to 
this sub-order. 
SUB-ORDER II.—MEGACHIROPTERA. 
The sub-order Megachiroptera comprises the large 
frugivorous bats typically represented by the Preropodide. 
They have flat cuspidate or comparatively smooth molars, 
a claw on the first two digits of the manus and an inter- 
femoral membrane free from the tail. The Preropodide 
have a peculiar distribution, being found in Australia, the 
Oriental region and Madagascar. 
ORDER XV.—Pyvimates. 
The Primates stand at the head of the orders of AZam- 
matia and of the animal kingdom. They are essentially 
