598 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 
and armadillos, whilst there are also an enormous number 
of Rodentia, especially of the sub-order Aystricomorpha, in- 
cluding the porcupines, squirrels, chinchillas, cavies and 
agoutis. On the other hand, the Ungulata are very few. 
A few deer, tapirs, llamas and alpacas, and _peccaries 
representing four families, make the total list. The Carnz- 
vora are fairly represented, though, except for the raccoon 
family, not by many special types. The jaguar and puma 
represent the larger cats, whilst there are several of the dog 
family. There is but one bear and these are no civets 
nor hyzenas ; a few “ weasels,” such as the skunk and otter, 
and several peculiar raccoons, such as the coati and kin- 
kajou, give a complete general list. The Zusectivora and 
Lemuroidea are entirely absent (save the Solenodontide of 
West Indies), but three families of bats are found, of 
which one, the vampires, is confined to the realm. The 
Anthropoidea are represented by two families, the mar- 
mosets and spider-monkeys. 
Such then are the general characters of the realm. 
Of this large assemblage we may note which are confin- 
ed to the realm, for upon this largely depends the claim 
for such an important distinction. Of the Aetatheria, 
the Diprotodontia are elsewhere confined to Notogcea, but 
the Polyprotodontia are still found in North America. 
Of the Rodentia, Neogoea has four peculiar families, 
forming the majority of the Aystricomorpha. In the 
Ungulata, one family, the peccaries, is peculiar to the 
realm. In the Carnivora there are no peculiar families 
but a number of peculiar genera. The vampires are only 
found in this realm, as also are the marmosets and spider- 
monkeys. 
‘It is well to note that the absence of many types is as 
much a feature of the realm as the presence of others. The 
most striking of these deficiencies are perhaps the sub-class 
Prototheria, the order Jnsectivora, the sub-orders Momarthra 
and Lemuroidea, Proboscidea and Hyracoidea, and the im- 
portant families of Viverrid@ (civets), Bovide (oxen, sheep, 
antelopes), Suzde (pigs), Eguide (horses), Pteropodide (fox- 
bats) and Rkinolophide (horse-shoe bats), Cercopithecide and 
Simitde (old-world monkeys). 
