OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 347 



and many species of Aster, Solidago, Calamagros- 

 tis, and others. Among insects may be mentioned 

 Formica sanguinea, F. subterranea, Casnonia penn- 

 sylvanica, Harpalus pensylvanicus, H. compar, Cra- 

 tonychus cinereus, Scarites subterraneus, Dic(slus 

 dilatatus, Pangus caliginosus, Stomoxys calcitrans, 

 and the larvae of Eufitchia ribearia, Clisiocampa 

 Americana, Chcerodes transversata, Ennomos sub- 

 signaria, Hybernia tiliaria, Anisopteryx vernata, 

 Utetheisa bella, Lithosia miniata, Argynnis aphro- 

 dite, Pieris rapce, Colias philodice, and mature forms 

 of Spilosoma Virginica, Harrisina Americana, Spilo- 

 soma acrcea, and many of the smaller Noctuidce 

 and TineidcB. 



Mating usually begins about the 15th of May, 

 and by the 20th of the month the birds are ready 

 to commence the building of a nest. The place 

 selected is within the borders of a thicket where 

 there is a dense growth of underbrush. The nest 

 is placed within a depression, and made to project 

 slightly above the margin of the cavity.^ The great 

 abundance of loose leaves which usually cover 

 the ground in such situations, helps to conceal the 

 nest from view. So perfectly hidden is it, that, 

 the most strenuous efforts are often made to dis- 

 cover Its whereabouts, but without avail. Both 

 birds enter diligently into the work, and in about 

 two days of hard labor have built a suitable struc- 

 ture. The eggs to the number of four usually, 

 are deposited at the, rate of one per day. Ovipo- 

 sition Is begun on the day succeeding the comple- 



