MICROORGANISMS OF THE AIR 



251 



authors are appended to serve as an index to what may be expected in 

 the air content of bacteria. 



Locality 



Number of organisms 

 per cubic meter 



Observer 



Outdoor air, Boston 



Open air 



Open field 



Seacoast 



Mountsun altitude, 200 meters 



Mont Blanc 



Spitzbergen (Arctic Regions).. 



Middle of Paris 



Paris Street 



Tailor's Room in Whitechapel. 

 Boot Workshop 



100-150 bacteria. 

 50- 7S molds, 

 roo-ijo bacteria. 

 250 

 100 

 o 

 4- II 

 o 

 4,000 



3,500 

 17,000 

 25,000 



Sedgwick and Tucker. 



Fischer. 



USelman. 



Uffelman. 



Pasteur. 



ElUs. 



Levin. 



Ellis. 



Fischer. 



Ellis. 



Ellis. 



Species of Organisms in the Air. — Penicillium is the most com- 

 mon mold isolated from the air. Next in importance are Mucor, 

 Rhizopus, and Aspergillus in the order given. In addition to these a 

 considerable number of species of hyphomycetous molds are occasion- 

 ally found. TorulcR, but not true yeasts, are usually common. Bac- 

 teria are either spore-bearing soil bacilli or cocci. Of the former, B. sub- 

 tilis, B. mycoides, and related forms are ubiquitous. Sarcina lutea and 

 Sarcina aurantiaca and certain other chromogenic cocci are to be found 

 in almost every plate exposed. Since the air does not have a true flora, 

 the species as well as the number of bacteria present must depend en- 

 tirely upon the character of the environment. 



