734 MICROBIOLOGY Or DISEASES OF MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



local effect here is that of an irritant and both irritant and tissue 

 response appear to resemble those that occur in actinomycosis. 

 , ' Botryomycosis is easily distinguished from actinomycosis on 

 microscopic examination. Cases that resemble the farcy form of glan- 

 ders are easily distinguished by mallein test, by laboratory animal in- 

 oculation and by lack of adjacent lymph-gland involvement. 



GONOEEHCEA* 



Micrococcus gofwrrkosce 



Gonorrhoea is one of the most prevalent of the bacterial diseases and 

 is found throughout the civilized world and is confined to the human 

 race. 



The urogenital tract is the most frequent seat of infection but 

 orchitis, severe conjunctivitis, arthritis and endocarditis are not uncom- 

 mon and a septicaemic condition may also occur. Ophthalmia neona- 

 torum is due to this organism. The ordinary infections of the urogeni- 

 tal tract have an incubation period of from two to eight days. The 

 inflamed mucous membranes give rise to more or less pain and yield a 

 thick yellow discharge. 



While the fatality due directly to Gonococcus infection is not high, 

 the frequent tendency to chronicity renders it one of themost important 

 diseases. 



Gonorrhoea has been known from the very earliest times. In 1879 

 the diplococcus was pointed out by Neisser as the probable cause. 

 Bumm in 1885 first cultivated it on coagulated human placental serum. 



The microorganisms can be easily stained in the typical early dis- 

 charges where it occurs in pairs and for the most part within cells 

 (Fig- 155)- 



For isolation, agar media should contaia human blood or blood serum or ascitic 

 fluid, though the swine-serum-nutrose medium of Wassermann is also good. The 

 fluid must be sterile and must be added to melted nutrient agar at about 45°. The 

 Gonococcus is about o.6/» to 0.811 in diameter. It is usually seen in pairs; where the 

 adjacent sides of the cocci are flattened the long diameter of the pair reaches as much 

 as i.6m; Bon-motile and forms neither spores nor capsules. It stains readily with 

 the aniline dyes and is Gram-negative. The temperature rapge is 30° to 38.5° with 

 an optimum of 37.5°. Aerobic conditions are preferred though a slight growth may 



• Prepared by Edward Fidlar, 



