AMARYLLIS — ^BRUNSVIGIA — ^BRUNSDONNA. 



33 



coarser and, as a rule, less oblique, and distortion and 

 bisection are much more frequent; compound grains are 

 much more numerous. With selenite the quadrants are 

 less sharply defined, and impurity of both the blue and 

 orange, due to a greenish tint, is less frequent. In the 

 quantitative and qualitative iodine reactions the colora- 

 tion is of a deeper blue and more reddish than in 

 Amaryllis belladonna. 



In histological characters the grains of Brunsdonna 

 sanderce alba are in form closer, on the whole, to those 

 of Amaryllis belladonna, but in some respects closer to 

 Brunsvigia josephinm. A type of grain peculiar to this 

 hybrid is noted which consists of an amorphous-looking 

 mass composed of a number of fused grains adherent to 

 the side or distal end of a large gr^n-mass, all inclosed 

 in 6 to 12 lamellse. The hilum more closely resembles 

 that of Amaryllis belladonna; the lamellte in form and 

 arrangement are closer to those of Amaryllis belladonna, 

 but in number they are closer to Brunsvigia josephince; 

 in size and in proportions of length to breadth they are 

 closer to Amaryllis belladonna; in polariscopic figures 

 and lines and selenite reactions and in the qualitative 

 iodine reactions they exhibit a closer relationship to 

 Amaryllis belladonna. The qualitative reactions with 

 the chemical reagents are, on the whole, much closer to 

 Amaryllis belladonna than to Brunsvigia Josephines. 



In histological characters the grains of Brunsdonna 

 sanderce are in form much nearer to those of Amaryllis 

 belladonna than to those of the other parent, but they are 

 not so near those of Amaryllis belladonna as those of the 

 other hybrid, and not so near Brunsvigia josephince in the 

 number and type of compound grains as those of the other 

 hybrid. The hilum is the same as in the other hybrid, and 

 hence nearer that oi Amaryllis belladonna. Itdiffers from 

 the hilum of the other hybrid in being less often fissured ; 

 but it is more often fissured than in either parent. In 

 character and eccentricity of the hilum these grains are 

 nearer those of the parents than those of the other hy- 

 brid. The lamellas in character and arrangement closely 

 resemble those of the other hybrid and are closer to those 

 of Amaryllis belladonna than to those of the other parent, 

 but in numbers they are closer to Brunsvigia josephince. 

 In the ratio of length to breadth of the grains, and in 

 larger grains in length, it is nearer to Amaryllis bella- 

 donna; but in the length of the common-sized grains 

 it is nearer to Brunsvigia josephince. In polariscopic 

 properties in the character of the figure and appearance 

 with selenite this hybrid is closer to Amaryllis bella- 

 donna than to the other parent, but not so close as the 

 other hybrid. In qualitative iodine reactions it is closer 

 to Amaryllis belladonna, but not so close as the other 

 hybrid. In the qualitative reactions with the chemical 

 reagents close relationship is shown to Amaryllis bella- 

 donna and to the other hybrid, but closer on the whole 

 to this parent than to the latter. In some respects the 

 reactions are closer to Brunsvigia josephince than to 

 Amaryllis belladonna, showing the influences of both 

 parents. In the chloral-hydrate, nitric-acid, potassium- 

 sulphocyanate, and sodium-salicylate reactions it is closer 

 to Amaryllis belladonna than to the other hybrid, but 

 in the cobalt-nitrate, copper-nitrate, and cupric-chloride 

 reactions it is closer to the other hybrid. 

 3 



Reaotion-Intenaitiea Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions 

 Polarization: 



A. belladonna, very high, value 97. 



B. joBephinte, moderately high to very high, value 85. 

 B. sanderce alba, very high, value 07. 



B. sanderce, very high, value 96. 

 Iodine : 



A. belladonna, moderate to moderately deep, value 65. 



B. josephinse, moderately deep, value 60. 



B. sanderce alba, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. 

 B. sanderce, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. 

 Gentian violet: 



A. belladonna, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. 



B. josephinse, moderate to deep, value 67. 

 B. sanderce alba, moderately deep, value 60. 

 B. sanderce, moderately deep, value 63. 



Safranin: 



A. belladonna, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. 



B. josephince, moderate, value 63. 



B. sanderce alba, moderately deep, value 60. 

 B. sanderce, moderately deep, value 60. 

 Temperature: 



A. belladonna, majority at 70 to 71°, all but distal part of rare 

 grains 72.5 to 73°, mean 72.7°. 



B. josephinse, majority at 65 to 66°, all but rare grains at 70 to 

 72°, mean 71°- 



B. sanderce alba, majority at 70 to 71°, all but distal part of rare 



grains 71.5 to 73°, mean 72.26°- 

 B. sanderce, majority at 70 to 71.5°, all but distal part of rare 



grains 72 to 72.5°, mean 72.25°. 



The starch of Amaryllis belladonna in comparison 

 with that of Brunsvigia josephince shows higher polariza- 

 tion and safranin reactions, and lower iodine, gentian- 

 violet, and temperature reactions. In the polarization, 

 iodine, safranin, and temperature reactions both hybrids 

 are distinctly closer to Amaryllis belladonna than to the 

 other parent — Brunsdonna sanderce alba showing as a 

 whole a slightly closer relationship than the other hybrid; 

 in the gentian-violet reactions they show greater close- 

 ness to Brunsvigia josephince, the closer being Bruns- 

 donna sanderce alba. In the gentian-violet and safranin 

 reactions both hybrids show higher reactivities than 

 either parent, and the same or almost identical reactivi- 

 ties as those of Amaryllis belladonna in the polarization, 

 iodine, and temperature reactions. 



Table A 1 shows the reaction intensities in percent- 

 ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes) . 



Velocitt-reaction Curves. 



This section considers velocity-reaction curves of the 

 starches of Amaryllis belladonna, Brunsvigia josephince, 

 Brunsdonna sanderce alba, and Brunsdonna sanderw, 

 showing the quantitative differences in the behavior 

 toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. 

 (Charts Dl to D 21.) 



The Amaryllis and Brunsvigia curves tend, in reac- 

 tions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, 

 sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and 

 barium chloride, to keep very close together; while in 

 reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride there is a well-marked separation during some 

 important part, or the whole, of the 60-minute period. 

 In the chloral-hydrate reactions the curves are very close 

 up to the 15-minute record, at which time they begin 



