36 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



ization and iodine, sulphuric acid, and barium chloride ; 

 the same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same 

 as those of both parents in the potassium-hydroxide 

 reaction in which the reactions occur with great rapidity ; 

 intermediate in the temperature reactions and those of 

 chromic acid, potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, and 

 strontium nitrate (in two being closer to the seed parent 

 and in three being mid-intermediate) ; highest in the 

 reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hy- 

 drate (in two being closer to the pollen parent, and in 

 one closer to the seed parent) ; and lowest in the reac- 

 tions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hy- 

 droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride (in four being closer to the seed 

 parent, in eight being closer to the pollen parent, and 

 in one being as close to one as to the other parent) . 



The reactivities of Brunsdonna sandercs are the same 

 as those of the seed parent in the reactions with iodine, 

 temperature, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, strontium nitrate, and barium chloride; the 

 same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same 

 as those of both parents in the potassium-hydroxide reac- 

 tion, in which the reactions occur with great rapidity; 

 intermediate in the polarization and strontium nitrate 

 (in one being closer to the seed parent and in one being 

 mid-intermediate) ; highest in the reactions with gentian 

 violet, safranin, and chloral hydrate (in two being closer 

 to the seed parent, and in one closer to the pollen parent) ; 

 and lowest in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic 

 acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- 

 phide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, 

 copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride 

 (in 3 being closer to the seed parent, in 8 closer to the 

 pollen parent, and in 3 being as close to one as to the 

 other parent) . 



The hybrids differ in their parental relationships in 

 the polarization, the safranin and temperature reactions, 

 and in those of chromic acid, potassium iodide, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, and cobalt 

 nitrate. In the polarization reactions one is the same as 

 the seed parent, the other intermediate, but nearer the 

 seed parent. In the safranin reactions both are highest, 

 but one closer to the pollen parent and the other to the 

 seed parent. In the temperature reactions one is inter- 

 mediate and closer to the seed parent, and the other the 

 same as the seed parent. In the chromic-acid reactions 

 one is mid-intermediate, and the other the lowest, but 

 closer to the pollen parent. In the potassium-iodide 

 reactions both are the lowest; one is closer to the seed 

 parent, and the other as close to one as to the other 

 parent. In the potassium-sulphide reactions one is mid- 

 intermediate and the other the same as the seed parent. 

 In the sodium-salicylate reactions one is intermediate 

 and closer to the seed parent and the other the same 

 as the seed parent. In the strontium-nitrate reactions 

 both are intermediate, one being mid-intermediate and 

 the other closer to the seed parent. In the cobalt-nitrate 

 reactions both are highest, but one is closer to the pollen 

 parent and the other as close to one as to the other parent. 



The following table is a summary of the reaction- 

 intensities : 



Same as seed parent . . 

 Same as pollen parent . 

 Same as both parents . . 



Intermediate 



Highest 



Lowest 



B. sande- 

 rcE alba. 



4 

 

 1 

 5 

 3 

 13 



B. sande- 

 roe. 



6 

 

 1 

 2 

 3 

 14 



In none of the reactions of either hybrid is the reac- 

 tion the same as that of the pollen parent, while there 

 are 10 reactions of the 53 which are the same as those of 

 the seed parent. The dominating influence of the seed 

 parent, Amaryllis belladonna^ on the properties of the 

 starch of the hybrid are well marked. 



Composite Cubves of the Reaction-intensities. 



This section ireats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Amaryllis belladonna, Brunsvigia joseph- 

 ince, Brunsdonna sanderoe alba, and Brunsdonna sand&rcB. 

 (Chart E 1.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart may be 

 summed up as follows : 



(1) Taking the curves of Amaryllis belladonna as a 

 standard of comparison, it will be noted that the curve 

 of Brunsvigia josephince follows it very closely in the 

 up-and-down courses except in the reactions with pyro- 

 gallic acid, potassium sulphide', and calcium nitrate, here 

 and there crossing in accordance with higher or lower 

 reactivity. Except the three reactions noted and those 

 with uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride, 

 the curves keep close together. These departures indicate 

 species widely separated and belonging either to a given 

 genus or to two closely related genera, in this case the 

 latter. 



(3) It will be noted that the reactions of Amaryllis 

 belladonna are higher than those of Brunsvigia josephince 

 in polarization and in the reactions with safranin, 

 chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride ; lower 

 in those with iodine, gentian violet, temperature of 

 gelatinization, pyrogallic acid, barium chloride, and 

 mercuric chloride; and the same or practically the same 

 in those with chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, 

 hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, so- 

 dium salicylate, and cobalt nitrate. 



(3) In Amaryllis belladonna the very high polariza- 

 tion and reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- 

 tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, 

 calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate; the high reactions 

 with chromic acid, potassium sulphocyanate, uranium 

 nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride ; the moderate 

 reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, tempera- 

 ture, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and sodium sul- 

 phide ; the low reactions with cobalt nitrate, and very low 

 reactions with barium chloride and mercuric chloride. 



(4) In Brunsvigia josephinw the very high polarizs/- 

 tion and reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- 



