HIPPEASTRUM. 



43 



mid-intermediate in the reaction with iodine. In the 

 polarization and temperature reactions it is closer to the 

 pollen parent, and in the gentian-violet and safranin 

 reactions closer to the seed parent. 



Table A 3 shows the reaction-intensities in percen- 

 tages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals 

 (minutes). 



Velocity-reaction Citrves. 



This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of 

 the starches of Hippeastrum ossuUan, H. pyrrha, and 

 H. ossuUan-pyrrha, showing the quantitative differences 

 in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- 

 intervals. (Charts D 43 to D 63.) 



The conspicuous features of these charts do not differ 

 in many respects from those of the preceding set. 



(1) The curves of all three starches are in all of the 

 reactions close and, on the whole, about the same as 

 regards the extent of separation as in the first set, in 

 some reactions there being a little more separation and 

 in others less. In most of the reactions there is a ten- 

 dency for a slightly higher reactivity than in the H. 

 titan-cleonia set. Many of the reactions are so slow 

 that there is no important if any differentiation, as in 

 those with potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium 

 nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- 

 trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride. 



(2) Omitting these very slow reactions, the curve 

 of H. ossuUan is in the remaining 11 reactions higher 

 than the corresponding curve of the other parent in 

 the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric 

 acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium 

 hydroxide, and sodium salicylate ; and lower in those with 

 pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and 

 potassium hydroxide. 



(3) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relations 

 to the parental curves, with very little tendency to same- 

 ness in relation to the seed parent and none to the 

 pollen parent; with little tendency to intermediateness 

 or to being the lowest of the three curves ; with a marked 

 tendency to be the highest of the three ; and with a ten- 

 dency to sameness as both parents in the reactions that 

 take place with marked slowness. (See the following 

 section. ) 



(4) An early, period of comparatively high resistance 

 is noticed especially in the reactions with chloral hydrate, 

 chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- 

 sium sulphocyanate; the opposite with potassium hy- 

 droxide and sodium salicylate. 



(5) The best period for the differentiation of the 

 three starches is in ease of the very slow reactions above 

 referred to at the end of the 60 minutes, but in some of 

 them even at this time there is very little or no differ- 

 ence. The curves appear to be best separated at 5 min- 

 utes in the reactions with sulphuric acid, potassium hy- 

 droxide, and sodium salicylate; at 15 minutes with 

 chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and so- 

 dium hydroxide; at 30 minutes with nitric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, and potassium sulphocyanate. 



Eeaction-intensities of the Hybrid. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and 

 deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 3 and Charts 

 D 43 to D 63.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those 

 of the seed parent with sulphuric acid, sodium sulphide, 

 and uranium nitrate; the same as those of the pollen 

 parent in none; the same as those of both parents with 

 potassium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, 

 cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 



chloride, and mercuric chloride; intermediate with 

 iodine, chloral hydrate, and sodium hydroxide (in the 

 first being mid-intermediate and in the last two nearer 

 the seed parent) ; highest with polarization, gentian vio- 

 let, safranin, temperature, chromic acid, nitric acid, 

 pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium iodide, and potassium sulphocyanate (in six 

 being closer to the seed parent and in five being closer 

 to the pollen parent) ; and the lowest with sodium salicy- 

 late, it being in these nearer the pollen parent. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties : Same as seed parent, 3 ; same as pollen parent, ; 

 same as both parents, 9; intermediate, 3; highest, 11; 

 lowest, 1. 



In not a single reaction is there sameness in relation 

 to the pollen parent, and the stronger influence of the 

 seed parent on the properties of the hybrid is quite 

 marked. Intermediateness is rather exceptional, a ten- 

 dency to the lowest reactivity very exceptional, and a 

 tendency to the highest reactivity very marked. 



Composite Curves of the Reaction-intensities. 



This section treats of composite curves of the reac- 

 tion-intensities showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Hippeastrum ossuUan, H. pyrrha, and H. 

 ossuUan-pyrrha. (Chart E 3.) 



Among the conspicuous features of this chart are : 



(1) The remarkable closeness of all three curves, 

 the differences for the most part being insignificant or 

 actually falling within the limits of error of experiment, 

 showing an extreme botanical closeness of the parents 

 and extremely little variance of the hybrid from the 

 parents. The only reactions in which the parents are 

 readily differentiated are those with iodine, gentian 

 violet, safranin, temperature, chromic acid, and sodium 

 salicylate, and even in these the differences are without 

 exception of a minor degree. 



(2) In this curve of H. ossuUan compared with that 

 of H. pyrrha the reactivities are shown to be distinctly 

 higher in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, 

 chromic acid, and sodium salicylate, and lower with 

 polarization, iodine, and temperature. In the other in- 

 stances the differences are unimportant or even negligible 

 excepting in so far as they tend to indicate a generally 

 slightly higher reactivity of H. ossuUan. 



(3) In H. ossuUan the very high reactions with 

 polarization, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, and sodium 

 salicylate, the moderate reactions with iodine, safranin, 

 gentian violet, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions 

 with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- 

 sium hydroxide, and potassiiun sulphocyanate; and the 

 very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphite, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 

 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- 

 balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(4) In H. pyrrha the very high reactions with polari- 

 zation, sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate; the high 

 reactions with chromic acid, the moderate reactions with 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin and pyrogallic acid; the 

 low reactions with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric 

 acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphocyanate; and 

 the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium 

 iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium 

 sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, 

 barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 



(5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with polar- 

 ization, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, pyrogallic acid, and 

 sodium salicylate; the moderate reactions with iodine, 

 gentian violet, safranin, temperature, and hydrochloric 



