NEEINE. 



61 



(2) The curve of N. crispa is higher than the cursre 

 of N. elegans in the reactions with potassium iodide, 

 potassium sulphocyanate, uranium nitrate, and copper 

 nitrate; and lower with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, 

 nitric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, so- 

 dium salicylate, and strontium nitrate. 



(3) The curves of the hybrids show varying parental 

 relationships, there being a well-marked tendency in the 

 reactions of N. dainty maid to intermediateness and a 

 higher position than the parental curves, with a some- 

 what more marked closeness to the pollen parent, while 

 in N. queen of roses there is less tendency to intermediate- 

 ness but a greater tendency to highness with about an 

 equal inclination to one or the other parent. 



(5) An early period of comparatively marked re- 

 sistance followed by a rapid to moderate gelatinization 

 is seldom recorded, as seen for instance in the curves 

 for chromic acid and potassium sulphocyanate. 



(6) The earliest period of the 60 minutes that is 

 the best for the differentiation of the four starches is for 

 the reactions with nitric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, and strontium nitrate at 5 minutes; with the 

 chloral hydrate at 15 minutes; with chromic acid and 

 potassium sulphocyanate at 30 minutes ; and with potas- 

 sium iodide, sodium hydroxide, uranium nitrate, and 

 copper nitrate at 60 minutes. The other reactions are 

 either so fast or so slow that no satisfactory differentia- 

 tion can be made. 



Eeaction-intensities of the Hybeid. 



This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the 

 hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, 

 and deficit in relation to the parent. (Table A 10, and 

 Charts D 190 to D 310.) 



The reactivities of the hybrid N. dainty maid are the 

 same as those of the seed parent in the saf ranin reaction ; 

 the same as those of the pollen parent with polarization 

 and gentian violet; the same as both parents with pyro- 

 gallic acid, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, cobalt 

 nitrate, cuprie chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride; intermediate with temperature, chloral hy- 

 drate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, 

 sodium salicylate (in four being closer to the pollen 

 parent, in one nearer the seed parent, and in one mid- 

 intermediate) ; highest with iodine, sulphuric acid, hydro- 

 chloric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, ealoium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate (in 

 three being closer to the pollen parent, in four nearer the 

 seed parent, and in one as near to one as to the other 

 parent) ; and lowest with chromic acid and potassium 

 hydroxide (in one being nearer to seed parent, and in 

 one as near one as the other parent) . 



The reactivities of the hybrid N. queen of roses arc 

 the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions 

 vsdth gentian violet and saf ranin; the same as those 

 of the pollen parent with iodine; the same as both 

 parents with pyrogallic acid, potassium hydroxide, so- 

 dium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, cuprie chloride, barium 

 chloride, and mercuric chloride ; intermediate with tem- 

 perature, nitric acid, and potassium iodide (in two being 

 closer to the seed parent, and in one mid-intermediate) ; 

 highest with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric 

 acid, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, so- 



dium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, ura- 

 nium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate (in 

 six being nearer the pollen parent, in four nearer the seed 

 parent, and in one as near to one as to the other parent) ; 

 and the lowest with polarization and chromic acid (in 

 one being nearer the pollen parent and in the other 

 nearer the Seed parent). 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, 

 excess, and deficit in relation to the parents : 



Same or practically the same as : 



Seed parent 



Pollen parent 



Both parents 



Intermediate 



Highest 



Lowest 



Total. 



3 



3 

 14 



9 

 19 



4 



The hybrids differ from each other in the reactions 

 with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, tem- 

 perature, chloral hydrate, sodium hydroxide, strontium 

 nitrate, calcium nitrate, and copper nitrate, in several 

 to a minor degree. The hybrid N. dainty maid has a 

 higher reactivity than the other hybrid in the reactions 

 vrith polarization, iodine, calcium nitrate, and copper 

 nitrate, and a lower reactivity in those vrith gentian 

 violet, safranin, temperature, chloral hydrate, sodium 

 hydroxide, and strontium nitrate. The most striking 

 difference is seen in the reactions with chloral hydrate. 

 The hybrids differ on the whole less from each other 

 than the parents from each other, but they differ as 

 much from the parents as do the parents from each other. 

 The parental relationships of the two hybrids vary in the 

 different reactions as regards sameness, intermediateness, 

 etc., each hybrid showing relationships quite independent 

 of those of other. Thus, in the polarization reactions 

 N. dainty maid is the same as the pollen parent, while 

 N. queen of roses has the lowest reactivity and is nearer 

 the pollen parent ; in the temperature reactions both are 

 intermediate, but the former is nearer the pollen parent, 

 and the latter nearer the seed parent; in the reactions 

 with chloral hydrate the former is intermediate and 

 nearer the pollen parent, and the latter highest and 

 nearer the pollen parent, etc. (See Chapter V.) 



Composite Curves op Reaction-inteitsities. • 



This section deals with the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Nerine crispa, N. elegans, N. dainty maid, 

 and N. queen of roses. (Chart BIO.) 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are: 



(1) The very close correspondence in the rises and 

 falls of the curves of the two parents, excepting in the 

 reaction with chloral hydrate, in which the curve of 

 one parent is ascending and of the other descending. As 

 will be seen also by other charts (E 11 and E 13) some 

 of the nerines are comparatively fast-reacting with this 

 reagent and others the reverse. The curves run so closely 

 as to suggest closely related plants. 



(N. crispa is a garden variety and N. elegans is a 

 hybrid of N. flexuosa and N. sarniensis var. rosea. N. flex- 



