86 



HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 



violet, temperature, and nitric acid; and the very low 

 reaction with chloral hydrate. 



(4) In N. madame de graaff the very high reaction 

 with sulphuric acid; the absence of a high reaction; the 

 moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, 

 and chromic acid; the low reactions with polarization, 

 temperature, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid ; and the very 

 low reaction with chloral hydrate. 



(5) In the hybrid the very high reaction with sul- 

 phuric acid; the high reaction with chromic acid; the 

 moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian, 

 violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions 

 with temperature and nitric acid ; and the very low reac- 

 tion with chloral hydrate. 



The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- 

 ties (10 reactions) : 



22. COMPAEISONS OF THE StAECHES OF NaeCISSUS 

 MONAECH, N, MADAME DE GEAAFF, AND N. LOED 

 EOBEETS. 



In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, reaction with iodine, and reac- 

 tions with the various chemical reagents the starches 

 of the parents and hybrid have properties in common in 

 varying degrees of development, the sum of which in 

 case of each starch is distinctive of the starch. Such 

 differences, as recorded, are of a minor character. The 

 starch of N. madame de graaff, in comparison with that 

 of the other parent, shows more aggregates and fewer 

 compound grains, and the latter grains contain a larger 

 number of components; there are more simple grains 

 having both primary and secondary starch formation; 

 and there is more irregularity and a greater variety of 

 form. There is less fissuration of the hilum and more 

 eccentricity. The lamellae are more often visible, some- 

 what more distinct, and not so coarse. The grains are, 

 on the whole, smaller. The polariscopic figure is more 

 distinct and there are other minor differences ; and with 

 selenite the quadrants are more often clear-cut and less 

 irregular in form. No qualitative differences were re- 

 corded in the iodine reactions. In the qualitative reac- 

 tions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 nitric acid, and sulphuric acid there are various minor 

 differences which collectively serve to differentiate the 

 starches. The starch of the hybrid has more, aggregates 

 and compound grains than either parent and tiie grains 

 are in form closer related to those of N. monarch than 

 to those of the other parent. In the character and eccen- 

 tricity of the hilum the relationship is closer to N. 

 monarch; but in the character of the lamellae and in the 

 size of the grains to N. madame de graaff. In the polari- 

 scopic figure and reactions with selenite the relationship 

 is closer to N. madame de graaff. In the qualitative 

 reactions with iodine no differences were recorded in the 

 three starches. In the qualitative reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and 



sulphuric acid characteristics of both parents are mani- 

 fest, certain reactions resembling in certain respects 

 those of one parent and other reactions those of the 

 other. The relationship is closer to N. monarch in 

 the reactions with chloral hydrate and sulphuric acid; 

 but closer to N. madame de graaff in those with chromic 

 acid, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid. The characters 

 throughout indicate a close relationship of all three 

 starches. 



Rectctiom-mtenaitiea Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- 

 ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



N. monarch, low to high, value 40. 



N. madame de graaff, low to high, somewhat lower than in N. 



monarch, value 37. 

 N. lord roberts, low to high, the same as in N. madame de graaff, 

 value 37. 

 Iodine: 



N. monarch, moderate, value 50. 



N. madame de graaff, moderate, the same as in N. monarch, 



value 60. 

 N. lord roberts, moderate, the same as in the parent, value 50. 

 Gentian violet: 



N. monarch, moderate, value 45. 



N. madame de graaff, moderate, slightly less than in N. monarch, 



value 43. 

 N. lord roberts, moderate, the same as in N. monarch, value 45. 

 Safranin: 



N. monarch, moderate, value 50. 



N. madame de graaff, moderate, slightly more than in N. monarch, 



value 53. 

 N. lord roberts, moderate, the same as in N. monarch, value 50. 

 Temperature: 



N. monarch, in majority at 67 to 68.5°, in all at 72 to 73°, mean 



72.5°. 

 N. madame de graaff, in majority at 70 to 72°, in all at 73.5 to 75°, 



mean 74.25°. 

 N. lord roberts, in majority at 68 to 69.4°, in all at 73 to 74.6°, 

 mean 73.75°. 



The reactivity of N. monarch is higher than that of 

 the other parent in the reactions with polarization, gen- 

 tian violet, and temperature; the same or practically 

 the same with iodine; and lower with safranin. The 

 reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the 

 same as those of the parents in the reaction with iodine ; 

 the same or practically the same as that of N. monarch 

 with gentian violet and safranin ; the same or practically 

 the same as that of the other parent with polarization; 



Table A 22. 



