C YMBIDIUM — C ALANTHE . 



135 



same as both parents, 9; intermediate, 0; highest, 0; 

 lowest, 13. 



The most striking features of the foregoing data are 

 in the hybrid the entire absence of sameness to the pollen 

 parent, of intermediateness, and of highest reactivity; 

 the frequent sameness of reactivity in relation to both 

 parents ; and the large number of lowest reactivities, with 

 almost universal closeness to one as to the other parent. 

 The very high reactivities of all three starches makes 

 differentiation in most instances impossible or unsatis- 

 factory. The seed parent seems to have had on the whole 

 a somewhat higher reactivity than the pollen parent in the 

 reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and 

 safranin, but in the chemical reactions the reactivities 

 of the parents seem to be almost if not absolutely identi- 

 cal. It is all the more remarkable that with this parental 

 identity the hybrid should show in any reaction a depar- 

 ture from the parental standard. With modified 

 strengths of reagents undoubtedly parental differences 

 would be brought out, and hybrid-parental differences 

 markedly exaggerated. 



Composite Curves of the Eeaction-intensities. 



This section treats of the composite curves of the 

 reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the 

 starches of Gymhidium lowianum, C. ebwrneum, and C. 

 eburne o-lowianum . 



The most conspicuous features of this chart are : The 

 marked closeness of all three curves throughout, ex- 

 cepting in the pyrogallic-acid and barium-chloride reac- 

 tions, in the latter the hybrid curves exhibiting an 

 exceptionally marked departure from the parental stand- 

 ard. The parental curves are the same or practically 

 the same excepting in the reactions with polarization, 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature, and 

 among these the only important difference is noted in the 

 temperature reactions, there being a difference of 3.85° 

 in the mean temperature of gelatinization. With weaker 

 reagents more or less marked differences in the parents 

 would be elicited in at least most of the reactions where 

 they appear to be identical in the chart. The curve of 

 C. lowianum is higher than the curve of the other parent 

 in the polarization, iodine, and temperature reactions; 

 lower with gentian violet and safranin ; and the same or 

 practically the same in all with the chemical reactions. 

 In C. lowianum the very high reactivities in the reactions 

 with polarization, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyro- 

 gallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sul- 

 phocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, so- 

 dium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, 

 uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper 

 nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric 

 chloride; the high reaction with temperature; and the 

 moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, and safra- 

 nin. In C. lowianum the very high reactions with chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallie acid, nitric acid, sul- 

 phuric acid, and hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, 

 potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium 

 salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, 

 barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reac- 

 tion with polarization ; and the moderate reactions with 

 iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature. In the 

 hybrid the very high reactions with polarization, chloral 

 hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallie acid, nitric acid, sul- 

 phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, po- 

 tassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium 

 sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium 



salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium 

 nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, 

 and mercuric chloride; the moderate reactions with io- 

 dine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature; and the 

 low reaction with barium chloride. 



Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: 



C. lowianum. 

 C. eburneum. 

 C. eburn.-low 



Very 

 high. 



22 

 21 

 21 



High. 



Mod- 

 erate. 



Low. 



Very 

 low. 



45. COMPAEISONS OF THE StAECHES OF CaLANTHE 



EOSEA, C. vestita vae. bubeo-octtlata, and 



C. veitchii. 

 In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, 

 reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, 

 and qualitative reactions with the various chemical rea- 

 gents all three starches exhibit properties in common in 

 varying degrees of development and certain more or less 

 well-defined individualities which collectively in each are 

 distinctive. The hybrid Calanthe veitchii is in form, on 

 the whole, much closer to 0. rosea, but there are some 

 forms that are the same as those found in and peculiar to 

 C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. In hilum and lamellae 

 the starch is closer to C. rosea, but in size and proportions 

 of length to width of the grains it is closer to C. vestita 

 var. rubro-oculata. In polariscopic figures and reactions 

 with selenite it is closer to C. vestita var. rubro-oculata. 

 In the qualitative iodine reactions it is slightly closer to 

 0. rosea. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hy- 

 drate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate it is 

 closer to C. vestita var. rubro-oculata, while in the 

 chromic-acid and hydrochloric-acid reactions it is closer 

 to 0. rosea. 



Beaction-intensities Easpressed hy Light, Color, and Tempera- 



ture Reactions. 

 Polarization: 



C. rosea, low to very high, value 55. 



C. vest. V. rubro-oc, moderate to very high, much higher than 



C. rosea, value 70. 

 C. veitchii, low to very high, intermediate between the parents, 

 value 60. 

 Iodine: 



C. rosea, light to moderate, value 40. 



C. vest. V. rubro-oc, moderate, deeper than C. rosea, value 50. 

 C. veitchii, moderate, intermediate between the parents, value 43. 

 Gentian violet: 



C. rosea, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. 



C. vest. V. rubro-oc, moderate to deep, deeper than C. rosea, 



value 60. 

 C. veitchii, moderate to moderately deep, intermediate between 

 the parents, value 57. 

 Safranin: 



C. rosea, moderate to moderately deep, value 60. 

 C. vest. V. rubeo-oc, moderate to moderately deep, deeper than 

 C. rosea, value 65. 

 C. veitchii, moderate to moderately deep, the same as C. vestita 



var. rubro-oculata, value 65. 

 Temperature: 



C. rosea, in the majority at 74 to 76°, in all at 75 to 77°, mean 76°. 

 C. vest. V. rubro-oc, in the majority at 72 to 74°, in all at 74 to 75° 



mean 74.5°. 

 C. veitchii, in the majority at 71 to 72°, in all at 73 to 74°, mean 

 72.5°. 



C. rosea has lower reactivities than the other parent 

 in the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, 

 safranin, and temperature. The hybrid has an inter- 

 mediate reactivity between the parents in the polariza- 

 tion, iodine, and gentian-violet reactions ; the same reac- 

 tivity as C. vestita var. rubro-oculata in the safranin 

 reaction ; and a higher reactivity than either parent in the 

 temperature reaction. 



