COMB HONEY. oF 
replace the queens of all colonies which persist in swarming with 
young queens reared from colonies less inclined to swarm. The 
swarming problem has also been attacked from the standpoint of 
the hive and mechanical attachments, finally resulting in the inven- 
tion of a “‘nonswarming” hive. More attention has, however, been 
paid to the prevention and control of swarming by manipulation than 
along either of the other lines, probably because proper manipulation 
gives immediate results and is now available as a means of preventing 
the losses due to swarming. The success in swarm control attained 
by the best beekeepers is a result of some effort along all three of the 
above lines at the same time. 
Among the manipulations that tend to discourage swarming are (1) 
the introduction of young queens (preferably reared from selected 
stock); (2) an abundanee of empty comb in the brood chamber at all 
times previous to the honey flow; (3) prompt work in the supers at the 
beginning of the flow induced by using “bait sections’’ or extracting 
combs in the first super given, thus tiding the colony over one of the 
critical periods; (4) a judicious manipulation of the supers during 
the honey flow (p. 41); (5) the use of more nearly perfect worker 
combs in the brood chamber, since drone comb and imperfect cells 
(p. 22) have the effect of contracting the brood chamber, thus bring- 
ing about a crowded condition; (6) an abundance of ventilation dur- 
ing the honey flow, obtained by means of a large entrance or by raising 
the hive above the bottom board by means of small blocks; (7) pro- 
tection of the hive from direct rays of the sun during the hottest 
portion of the day by some such means as a double cover or shade 
board; (8) the removal of one or two frames of brood and the sub- 
stitution therefor of empty combs or sheets of foundation; (9) the 
destruction of all queen cells provided they contain only eggs or very 
small larve. 
If queen cells are well advanced, their destruction usually has little 
or no effect as a swarm preventive measure. While destroying 
queen cells in their early stages can not be relied upon as a preventive 
of swarming, beekeepers who practice examining the brood chambers 
once a week for queen cells during the swarming season are usually 
surprised at the number of colonies that can be induced to give up 
swarming and turn their attention to storing in this way. Such a 
result at least partly compensates for the large amount of labor 
required for these weekly examinations. 
CONTROL MEASURES. 
After having taken. all precautions as to preventive measures there 
will still be some colonies that will attempt to swarm when producing 
comb honey. During poor seasons of course the percentage may be 
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