154 THE FKUIT MANUAL. 



intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and published, in 1763, " The 

 Botanist's and Gardener's New Dictionary." He died about the beginning of 

 the present century, having attained over ninety years of age. I am doubtful, 

 however, if this apple was raised by him, for I have discovered in an old day- 

 book dated 1717, and which belonged to Smith and Carpenter, of the Brompton 

 Park nursery, that it was cultivated there at that period, when James Wheeler 

 must have been a mere child. 



WHEELER'S EXTREME. — Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, 

 and one inch and a quarter high ; oblate, much resembhng the Api in 

 shape. Skin, pale greenish yellow, considerably marked with russet, 

 particularly round the eye, and covered with fbie clear red, which is 

 mottled with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and 

 closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a small 

 shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, tender, sweet, and 

 delicately perfumed. 



A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; it is in use 

 from November to February. 



This was raised by James Wheeler, of Gloucester. The original tree is still 

 existing in the nursery of his great grandson. The name of " Extreme " is sup- 

 posed to have been applied to this variety, from the circranstance of producing 

 its fruit on the extremities of the last year's shoots. 



WHITE ASTRACHAN {Transparent Apple).— Frmt, medium sized, 

 two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same in height ; roundish- 

 ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base, with obtuse angles on the 

 sides, which extend and become more prominent and rib-hke round the 

 eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few faint streaks of red next 

 the sun, and covered with a deUcate white bloom. Eye, closed, set in 

 a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and short, inserted in a small 

 and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, semi-transparent, with 

 somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender, juicy, with a pleasant and 

 refreshing flavour. 



A dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; ripe in August and the 

 early part of September. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, 

 and an excellent bearer. 



The Transparent Apple of Eogers, and the Muscovy Apple of Mortimer, can- 

 not be identical with this variety, for they are described by both as winter apples ; 

 may they not be the Russischer Glasapfel, or Astracanischer Winteropfel of 

 Diel ? 



Bfispecting this apple, a correspondent in the Gardener's Chronicle for 1845 

 has the following remark: " When at Hevel many years ago, I made particular 

 inquiries as to the mode of cultivation of the Transparent Apple ; I learned that 

 the soil of the apple orchards there is almost a pure sand, but that it is customary 

 to add to it so much stable manure, that half the bulk of ground may be said to 

 consist of manure. The friend with whom I was staying had some of these apples 

 at dessert ; they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that held to 

 the light the pips may be seen from every part ; these apples were juicy as a 

 peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very agreeable flavour and texture." 



White Codlin. See Early Almond. 

 White Codlin. See Keswick Codlin. 



