PEAKS. 421 



CHARNOCK (Drummond ; Carnock ; Earhj Charnock ; Scot's Cor- 

 nuck).-—Fimt, small ; pyriform. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, 

 and entirely covered with dark dull red next the sun. Eye, small and 

 open. Stalk, fleshy, obliquely inserted. Flesh, yellowish, half-buttery, 

 juicy, sweet, and with a high aroma. 



A Scotch dessert pear ; ripe in September, but soon becomes mealy. 



Chartreuse. See Catillac. 



CHAT BRULE (Pucelle de Xaintonge). — Fruit, medium sized ; pyri- 

 form. Skin, smooth, and shining; pale yellow where shaded, and 

 lively red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small, set in a shallow 

 basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted 

 without depression. Flesh, crisp, rather dry. 



A worthless pear for the dessert, but good for culinary use. It is in 

 use during November and December. 



Chaulis, See Mesdre Jean. . 



CHAUMONTEL [Besi de Chaumontel ; Beurre de Chaumontel; 

 Beurre d'Hiver ; Guernsey Chaumontel ; Orey Achan ; Oxford Chau- 

 montel ; Winter Beurre). — ^Fruit, large ; oblong, or obtuse pyriform, 

 irregular and undulating in its outline. Skin, rather rough, yellowish 

 green, covered with numerous russety spots and patches, and with 

 brownish red next the sun. Eye, open, with long reflexed segments, 

 set in a deep, irregular basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep 

 knobbed cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, buttery, and melting, rich, 

 vinous, and highly perfumed. 



A dessert pear of high merit ; in use from November till March. 

 The tree is hardy and vigorous, and an abundant bearer ; succeeds 

 well as a standard, but the fruit is much improved by being grown 

 against a south or south-west wall. It also produces fruit of a superior 

 size and quality if grown as an espalier. In. rich, warm soil it is but- 

 tery, melting, and delicate, but in heavy and cold situations it is gritty 

 and bitter. 



This esteemed old variety was discovered about the year 1685 growing in the 

 garden of the Chateau Chaumontel, between Luzarches and Chantilly on the road 

 from Amiens to Paris. It seems to have been first noticed by Merlet, who grafted 

 it from the original tree on the quince stock. 



Cheneau. See Fondante de Brest. 



De Chypre. See Early Bousselet. 



Ciree d'Hiver. See Gilogil. 



CITRON DES CARMES {Qros St. Jean ; Madeleine ; Early Rose 

 Angle). — Fruit, below medium size ; obovate. Skin, smooth and thin, 

 at first bright green, but changing to yellowish green, and with a faint 

 tinge of brownish red next the sun, strewed with grey dotSi Eye, 

 small, closed, set in a shallow depression. Stalk, an inch and a half- 

 to two inches long, inserted without depression by the side of a fleshy 



