394 



RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION 



temperature by the use of proper underclothing. Wool, a poor 

 conductor of heat, should be used in winter, and cotton, which 

 allows of a free escape of heat, in summer. 



Cuts, Bruises, and Burns. — In case the skin is badly broken 

 it is necessary to prevent the entrance and growth of bacteria. 

 This may be done by washing the wound with weak antiseptic 

 solutions, such as 3 % carbolic add, 3% lysol, peroxide of hydrogen 

 (full strength), or a yj % solution of bichloride of mercury. These 

 solutions should be applied immediately. 



" A burn or scald should be covered at once with a paste of baking 

 soda, which tends to lessen the pain by keeping out the air and reducing 



the inflammation. A mixture of 

 linseed oil and limewater, known 

 as carron oil, is a good remedy to 

 keep on hand for burns." — Pea- 

 body, Physiology. 



Colds and Fevers. — The 



regulation of blood passing 

 through the blood vessels is 

 under control of the nervous 

 system. If this mechanism is 

 interfered with in any way, 

 the sweat glands may not do 

 their work, perspiration may 

 be stopped, and the heat from 

 oxidation held within the 

 body. The body temperature 

 goes up, and a fever results. 



If the blood vessels in the 

 skin are suddenly cooled when 

 full of blood, they contract 

 and send the blood elsewhere. 

 As a result a congestion or 

 cold may follow. Colds are, 



in reality, a congestion of membranes lining certain parts of the 



body, as the nose, throat, windpipe, or lungs. 



When suffering from a cold, it is therefore important not to chill 



the skin, as a full blood supply should be kept in it and so kept 





A, blood vessels in skin normal; 

 congested. 



B, when 



