434 



HEALTH AND DISEASE 



Railroads are often responsible for carrying typhoid and spread- 

 ing it. It is said that a recent outbreak of typhoid in Scranton, 

 Pa., was due to the fact that the excreta from a typhoid patient 

 traveling in a sleeping car was washed by rain into a reservoir near 

 which the train was passing. Railroads are thus seen to be great 

 open sewers. A sanitary car toilet should be provided so that filth 

 and disease will not be scattered over the country. 



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A diagrEjm to show how typhoid m&y be spread in a city through an infected milk 

 supiJy. The black spots in the blocks mean cases of typhoid. A, a farm where 

 typhoid exists ; the dashes in the streets represent the milk route. B is a second 

 farm which sends part of its milk to A ; the milk cans from B are washed at 

 farm A and sent back to B. A few cases of typhoid appear along B'a milk 

 route. How do you account for that ? 



How the Board of Health fights Typhoid. — Pure water is the 

 first essential in preventing epidemics of typhoid. Health board 

 officials are constantly testing the supply, and, if any harmful 

 bacteria are found, a warning is sent out to boil the water. Boil- 

 ing water at least 10 minutes kills most harmful germs. 



