252 



AMERICAN HOME GARDEN. 



one we will call winter pruning, though, for convenience, it is 

 often clone in the fall or spring ; the other summer pruning, 

 though performed from the first putting forth of the leaves in 

 spring until the middle of the fall. In addition to which, 

 there is the rai-ely performed operation of root prmiing, which, 

 though more immediately efiective if done in August, may be 

 performed at any season. 



Fig. 131. 



a. A tree of one year's growth from the bud, cut back. 



b. A tree of two years' growth from the hud, cut back. 



c. A nursery tree pruned ready for setting out, showing the shoulders where the young 

 branches liave been cut off. 



d. An orchard tree ready to come into bearing, with tlie head opened by winter prunin"- 



WINTER TErNING. 



Winter pruning is the common shortening of seedling stocks 

 when we transplant them into nursery rows, the cuttino- 1)ack 

 and fashioning which we commonly jierform in the course of 

 their nursery culture and at their final transplantino-, and the 

 annual trimming throughout their matm-e growth, for formiuo- 

 and sirengtliening the tree. 



In young trees it is generally called " cutting back," be- 



