166 GINSENG FAMILY. 



cut-serrate ; petioles with large inflated membranaceous base ; flowers greenish- 

 white ; fruit smooth and thin-winged. 



A. hirsilta. Dry ground, commoner S. ; stem 2° - 5° high, rather slen- 

 der, downy at top, as are the umbels and broadly winged fruits ; leaflets thick- 

 ish, ovateiblong, serrate ; flowers bright white. 



15. HEBACLEXJM, COW-PARSNIP. (Named after Hercules.) Fl. 

 summer. 2,/ 



H. lan&tum, Dowity C, wrongly called Masterwort. Damp rich 

 ground N. : very stout, 4° - 8° high, woolly-hairy when young, unpleasantly 

 strong-scented, with large cut and toothed or lobed leaflets, some of them heart- 

 shaped at base, and broad umbels with white flowers and large fruits. 



16. PASTINACA, PARSNIP. (Latin name, from /castas, food.) 



P. sativa, Common P. Run wild in low meadows, and then rather 

 poisonous, cult, from Eu. for the esculent strong-scented root: tall, smooth, 

 with grooved stem, coarse and cut-toothed or lobed leaflets, and umbels of small 

 yellow flowers. @ 



55. ARALIACE-ffi!, GINSENG FAMILY. 



Like the foregoing family, but often .-hrubs or tree.*, usually more 

 than two styles and cells lo the ovary and fruit, the latter a berry 

 or drupe. Besides a few choice and uncommon shrubby liou.se- 

 plants, represented only by the two following genera. The flowers 

 in both aie more or less polygamous, and the lobes or margin of 

 the calyx very short or none. Petals and stamens 5. 



1. ARALIA. Flowers in simple or panicled umbels, white or greenish: the petals 



liglitly overlapping in the bud. Styles :i - 5, separate to the base, except in 

 sterile flowers. Leaves compound or decomponud. Root, bark, fruit, &e. 

 warm-aromatic or pungent. 



2. HEUKKA. Flowers in paiiicled or clustered umbels, greenish : petals v."ilvate 



in the bud. Ovary 5-celled: the 5 styles united into a conical column. 

 Leaves simple, palmately 3-5-lobed or" angled. Woody stems climbing by 

 rootlets. 



1. AKALIA. (Derivation obscnre : said to be a Canadian name under 

 which a species was sent from Quebec to the Garden of Plants at Paris.) 'il 



§ 1. Wild Sarsaparilla, &c. Flowers perfect or pohjganuyiis with both fertih 

 arid sterile on the same plant : umbels more than one : fruit black or dark 

 purple, spicy : seeds or celts and stytt s 5. 

 » Large and leafy-stemmed, with very compound leaves sometimes 2° or 3° ao'oss, 

 and with many umbels in a large compound panicle : fi. in summer. 



A. spindsa, Angelica Tree, Hercules' Club. River-banks from 

 Penn. S., and planted : a shrub or low tree, of peculiar aspect, the simple stout 

 trunk rising 6° - 20° high and beset with prickles, bearing immense leaves with 

 ovate serrate leaflets, and corymbed or panicled umbels. 



A. racem6sa, Spikenard. Woodlands in rich soil, with herbaceous 

 stems 3° - f>° high from a thick aromatic root, not prickly, widely spreading 

 branches, heart-ovate leaflets doubly serrate and slightly downy, and racemed- 

 paniclcd-umbels. 



* * Smaller : short stems scarcely woody at base : few umbels ; fl. early summer. 



A. bispida, Bristly Sarsaparilla. Rocky places : bristly stems 1°- 

 2° high, leafy below, naked and bearing corymbed umbels above ; leaves twice 

 pinnate, the leaflets oblong-ovate and cut-toothed. 



A. uudica^lis, Common Wild S. Lowgronnd; the aromatic horizontal 

 slender roots running 3° - 5° long, used as a substitute for officinal Sarsaparilla ; 

 the smooth proper stem rising only 2' - 4' inches, bearing a single long-stalked 



