DOGWOOD FAMILY. 167 



leaf of 5 ovate or oral serrate leaflets on each of the 3 divisions of the petiole, 

 anil a short ]jeclunclo with 2-7 umbels. 



§ 2. Ginseng. Shnrile and fertile flowers on separate simple-steiimied plants, in 

 a single slender-stalh-d umbel, below it a single wluirl of digitate leaves: 

 sti/les and cells of the fruit 2 or 3. 



A. quinquefolia. Ginseng. Rich woods N. . root spindle-shaped, warm- 

 aromatio, 4-9' long; stem 1° high ; leaflets 5 at the end of each of the 3 

 petioles, slender-stalked, thin, obovate-oblong, pointed, serrate; fl. in summer; 

 fruit red. 



A. trif61ia, Dwakf G. or Gkound-ndt. Low woods, N. : 4' -8' high 

 from a deep globular pungent-tasted root ; leaflets 3 or sometimes 5 sessile on 

 the end of each of the 3 petioles, narrow-oblong and obtuse : fl. in spring ; fruit 

 orange-yellow. 



2. HEDERA, IVY. (The ancient Latin name.) Fl. late summer. 



H. Hfelix, True or English Ivy, from Europe. Woody climber, with 

 evergreen glossy rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped and 3-lo'bed or 3-angled 

 leaves, or in some varieties more deeply 3 - 7-c!cft, yellowish-green flowers, and 

 blajkish berries ; covers shaded walls, &e., adhering by its rootlets, but scarcely 

 stands far N. without some protection. 



56. CORNACE^, DOGWOOD FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, or one or two mere herbs, with simple leaves, small 

 flowers, calyx-tube in the perfect or pistillate ones coherent with the 

 surface of the 1 - 2-celied ovary, which is crowned with the small 

 calyx-teeth or minute cup, bearing the petals (valvate in the bud) 

 and stamens of the same number : style and stigma single : ovule 

 and .seed solitary iii the cells, hanging from the summit: fruit a 

 small drupe or berry. 



Garuya elliptica, a .singular Californian shrubs with thick op- 

 posite leaves, and dioecious greenish flowers in banging catkin-like 

 spikes, is rarely cultivated or planted. 



1. CORNUS. Flowers perfect, in cymes, close clusters, of heads (with or with- 



out, a corolia-ldie involucre). Jliiiute teetli of the calyx, petals, and sta- 

 mens 4. Style slender: stigma terminal. Berry-like little drape with a 

 2-celled 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite except in one species, 

 deciduous. Bark very bitter, tonic. 



2. AUCUB.'\. Flowers dioecious, dull purple, in axillary panicles. Teeth or lobes 



of the calyx and petals 4. StMmens In the sterile flowers 4, with short fila- 

 ments and oblong anthers. Fertile flowers with a 1 celled ovary, becoming 

 an oblong red berry in fruit: style short: stigma capitute Leaves opposite, 

 coriaceous and glossy, evergreen, smooth, more or less toothed. 



3. NYSSA. Flowprs polygamcjus or dioecious, greenish, crowded or chLstered on 



the summit of an axillary peduncle, the sterile ones numerous, the fertile 

 2-8 m a bracted clusrer, or rnrely solitary. Calyx of 6 or more lobes 

 or teeth. Petals small and naiTow, or minute, or none. Style slender or 

 awl-shaped, bearing a stigma down the whole length of one side, revolute. 

 Ovary and stone of the drupe l-celled and 1-seeded. Trees, with deciduous 

 alternate leaves, often crowded on the end of the branchlets, either entire, 

 angled, or few-toothed. 



1. CORNUS, CORNEL or DOGWOOD. (Name from cornu, horn, from 

 the hardness of the wood.) Fl. late spring and early summer. 



§ 1. flowers greenish, crowded in a head or close cluster, which is surrounded bu 

 a showy corolla-like (white or rarely pinkish) 4-leaved involucre: fruit 

 bright rid. 



C. Canadensis, Dwarf Coknkl, Bonch-beury. Damp woods N. : 

 a low herb, the stems springing from creeping slender subterranean ehoota 



