COMPOSITE FAMILY. 197 



» * locales of the involucre not leafy but loose and slender, aU ofdbout the same 

 length, clammy-glandular, leaves entire. 



A. Novse-AngliSB, JjfBW England A., but everywhere common in low 

 grounds ; the stout hairy' stem 4° - 8° high, thickly beset to the top with 

 lanceolate minutely downy leaves, which all have an auricled clasping base ; 

 heads many and large in a crowded corymb ; the rays very numerous and 

 narrow, violet-purple, or in var. b6seus rose-purple or reddish. 



* * * Scales of the involucre ahout equal in length, loose and with more or less 



leaf-like spreading tips, or the outermost wholly green : leaves serrate in the 

 middle or sometimes nearly entire : heads loosely corymhed or panicled. 

 Low grounds. 



A. preuanthoides. In rich woodlands chiefly N. & W. ; only 1° - 2° 

 high, almost smooth, with lance-ovate leaves coarsely toothed in the middle, 

 tapering above into a long point, and below into a portion narrower than the 

 abruptly dilated heart-shaped clasping base ; rays pale blue. 



A. puniceus, Red-stemmld A. In wet grounds, mostly 3° - 6° high, 

 loosely branched, rough-hairy, commonly purple-tinged, with lance-oblong . or 

 lanceolate sparingly serrate rough leaves, the base auricled and partly clasping ; 

 scales of involucre slender ; rays long, bright or pale blue. 



A. longifdlius. Longs-leaved A. Smooth or nearly so, l°-4° high, 

 with lanceolate or linear often entire taper-pointed rather firm and glossy leaves, 

 more leaf-like scales to the involucre, and bright blue-purple rays. 



§ 3. With leaves none of them heart-shaped, those of the stem all sessile : heads very 

 small and numerous, racemed or panicled : involucre imbricated in few or 

 several rows : the scales ivith green tips, the outer successively shorter. 



« In dry open ground, about 1° high : rays white : scales of the involucre rigid and 

 whitish, with abrupt and spreading conspicuous green tips. 



A. erlcoides, Heath-like A. Smooth or rather hairy, with lanceolate 

 or linear-awl-shaped leaves acute at both ends, and scales of the involucre broadest 

 at base, the green tips acute. 



A. multifl6rus, Mant-flowered A. "Very common in sterile dry soil, 

 pale or slightly hoary with fine close down, much branched and bush-like, with 

 spreading linear leaves rough or ciliate on their margins, the upper sessile or 

 partly clasping by a broad base ; scales of involucre spatulate, the green tip 

 shorter than the whitish lower portion. 



* * In low, moist, or shady places, l°-3° high: scales of involucre with short and 



close-pressed green or greenish tips. 



A. Tradesctoti. Nearly smooth, with slender stems, linear or lance- 

 linear leaves, and very small and numerous heads closely racemed along the 

 upper side of the flowering branches, the scales of the involucre narrow linear 

 and acute ; rays white. 



A. miser. Rather hairy, with lanceolate or lance-oblong thin leaves taper- 

 ing to each end and sharply toothed about the middle, heads loosely racemed or 

 scattered on diverging branches, and with linear rather blunt scales of the invo- 

 lucre ; rays pale blue-purple or white. 



A. dumosus, Bushy A. Smooth or almost so, loosely bushy-branched, 

 with mostly linear entire or slightly serrate rough-edged leaves, and loosely 

 racemed flowering branchlets bearing solitary or few heads ; scales of the invo- 

 lucre linear-spatulate and blunt, closely imbricated in several rows ; rays usually 

 light purple-blue, sometimes nearly white. 



§ 4. With small and very rigid linear sessile leaves, a large head soh'tan/ at the 

 end of the simple stem or few branches, the involucre of narrow rigid scales 

 closely imbricated in very many rows, without green tips, and showy violet- 

 blue rays. 

 A. Iinariif61ius, of the older botanists, strictly DiplopAppuS linakii- 

 F6Lins (having a double pappus, the outer of very short bristles) ; common in 

 open gravelly or sandy ground, 6' - 20' high ; the spreading leaves with rough 

 margins, strong midrib, and no veins. 



