200 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



high, leaves twice pinnately divided into rather coarse ovate leaflets, and loose 

 corymbs of rather small heads, in summer. A double-flowered variety has tne 

 disk-corollas transformed into white or whitish tubes. 



C. parthenioldes, Double-fl. or Parsely-leaved Feverfew, trom 

 China ; probably a low, finer-leaved, and much altered full double variety ot the 

 foregoing, with pure white flowers all in the form of rays, produced through the 

 summer and autumn. 



§ 2. Chktsanthempms of the gardens ; Me flowers of various colors, but only 

 in certain varieties white. 



C. rdseum, from Persia and N. Asia, with simple stems bearing once or 

 twice pinnately divided smooth leaves with linear divisions, and at the naked 

 summit single heads as large as those of Whiteweed, but with pale rose or bright 

 pink-red rays (and in some varieties full double), is coming into ornamental 

 cultivation : the pulverized flower-heads form the well-known Persian Insect 

 powder : fl. summer. ^ 



C. Indieum, parent of the Chinese Chrysanthemums,- flowering in 

 late autumn, of numerous forms and colors, mostly full-double, &c. from China 

 and Japan, y. 



C. coronirium. Summer Chrysanthemum, with yellow or sometimes 

 whitish flowers, cult, from N. Africa ; smooth, with branching stems, twice 

 pinnately parted leaves with auricled and clasping base, and lanceolate or linear 

 cut>toothed divisions ; the involucre of broad and scarious scales. ® 



45. HELENIUM, SNEEZEWEED. (The old Greek name of some very 

 diflerent plant named after Helen. ) North American herbs. 



H. autumn^le, the commonest species, wild in low grounds, l°-4° high, 

 with lanceolate toothed leaves, their base often decurrent on the stem, and a 

 corymb of showy yellow-flowered heads, the rays often drooping, in au- 

 tumn. 2i 



46. GAILIiARDIA. (Named for Gaillard, a Trench amateur of botany. ) 

 North American low or spreading herbs : fl. all summer. 



G. lanceol^ta, wild from Carolina S. in pine barrens, has narrow mostly 

 entire lanceolate leaves, commonly small and few yellow rays, and purple disk- 

 flowers. ® y. 



G. pulchella, wild from Louisiana W. and cult, for ornament (one form 

 called G. picta), has broader leaves, some of them cut-toothed or lobed, and 

 showy heads with the large rays mostly brownish crimson-purple with yellow 

 tips. @ 



G. arist&ta, wild from Missouri W., and cult., is more downy than the 

 last, less branched, with large showy rays yellow throughout, or their base 

 brown-purple, y. 



47. GAZANIA. (Named for a learned ecclesiastic of the middle ages, 

 Theodore de Gaza.) South African plants of the couser\'atory, and flowering 

 all summer when bedded out. 



G. rigens, also named splendens, of Cape of Good Hope, with short 

 stems spreading on the ground, bearing spatulate entire or some pinnatifid 

 leaves, which are nearly smooth and green above, but very silvery with white 

 cotton underneath, and a, large showy head, the orange rays over 1' long, and 

 with a dark eye-spot at base. y. 



48. CALENDULA, MARIGOLD. (Name from the Latin cakndce or 

 calends; flowering through the months.) 



C. oflaeinklis. Garden Marigold, of the Old World ; cult, in country 

 gardens, 1° high, spreading, with green and succulent oblong and entire sessile 

 leaves, rather unpleasantly scenteil, and largo head of yellow flowers, prodncpd 

 all summer, sometimes nearly full-double, most of the corollas being strap- 

 shaped. ® 



