COMPOSITE FAMILY. 203 



coarsely tootlied leaflets, outer involucre much longer than the head, and wcdgo- 

 obovate akenes ciliate with upturned bristles, and 2-awned. 



B. coun&ta, Swamp B. Low grounds; smooth, l°-2° higli, with simi>le 

 lanceolate and taper-pointed leaves, or the lower 3-divided and decurrcnt on the 

 petiole, smaller heads, narrow wedge-shaped akenes minutely and downwardly 

 ciliate and bearing about 3 awns. 



* * Low smooth herbs, with showy goldeii yellow rays 1' long. 



B. chrysanthemoides, Larger Bur-Makigold. Shallow water or 

 wet places, 6' - 30' high, with simple lanceolate sessile serrate leaves, outer 

 involucre shorter than the rays, and wedge-shaped akenes with almost prickly 

 downwardly barbed margins and 2-4 awns. 



§ 2. Akenes linear or needle-shaped. 



B. B^ckii, Water B. Immersed in water, N. and W., the single short- 

 peduncled heads rising above the surfece, and with showy rays ; leaves cut into 

 very numerous fine hair-like divisions ; awns of the stout akenes 4-6, barbed 

 near the tip. 



B. bipinn&ta. Dry soil, from Conn, to HI. and S., 1° - 3° high, branched, 

 with 1 - 3-pinnately parted petioled leaves, ovate-lanceolate leaflets, small heads, 

 short pale-yellow rays, and slender akenes with 3-4 barbed awns. 



64. ACTINOMEBIS. (Greek-made name, alluding to the irregularity 

 of the rays in the commonest species.) ;y 



A. squarrbsa, common in low rich soil from W. New York S. & W. ; with 

 branching stems 4° - 8° high, lance-oblong leaves tapering to both ends, nu- 

 merous rather corymbed heads, spreading involucre, 4-10 irregular rays, and 

 broadly winged akenes : fl. Sept. 



A. heliautholdes, in open grounds W. & S., resembles a Sunflower as 

 the name denotes, 1° - 3° high, with more hairy lanee-ovate sessile leaves, few 

 and larger heads, erect involucre, 8-15 regular rays, and slightly winged 

 akenes : fl. summer. 



55. VERBESINA, CROWNBEARD. (Originof nameobscure.) Ours 



are tall (4° -7° high) branching herbs in rich soil, with compound coi-ymbs 



of small heads : fl. summer. % 



v. Siegesb^ckia, from S. Pcnn. to 111. & S., has 4-winged stems, .smooth- 

 ish, large and thin ovate and opposite leaves pointed at both ends, yellow flow- 

 ers, and wingless akenes. 



V. Virginica, of same range, has stem, less winged, smaller lance-ovate alter- 

 nate leaves soft-downy beneath, white flowers, and narrowly winged akenes. 



66. XIMINESIA. {Named for J. Ximines, a Spanish apothecary.) 



X. encelioldes, of Texas and Mexico, and cult, for ornament, 2° high, 

 Spreading, rather hoary, at least the lower face of the oblong or heart-shaped 

 clasping serrate leaves ; the bright yellow heads somewhat corymbed, showy, 

 the rays deeply 3-toothed : fl. all summer. ® 



67. HELIANTHUS, SUNFLOWER (which the name means in Greek). 

 The following are the commonest of the numerous species, many of which are 

 difficult. 



§1. (i) Receptacle Jliit and very broad : disk brownish : leaves alternate, hroud 

 and triple-ribbed, petinled : fl. summer. Cult./or ornament : wild only far 

 S. W. : fl. all summer. 

 H. ^nuus, the Great Common Sunflower of the gardens, with huge 

 heads ; leaves green, roughish, not hoary. 



H. argopb^ilus, of Texas, cult, for its hoary-white foliage; heads smaller. 

 § 2. ^ Beceplacle and disk convex : heads middle-sized or rather small: flower- 

 ing throuyhout late summer and autumn. 



