PRIMROSE FAMILY. 223 



• • From a depressed or biscuil-shaned Jieshy corm. 



8. CYCLAMEN. Flower resembling that of Dodecatheon, but oiily one on a 

 scape or stalk. Anthers sessile, pointed. 



§ 2. With lenfy stems, the leaves simple and chiefly entire, 

 « In one whorl at the summit of the slender stem : i>arls of thejlower 7. 



4. TRIENTALIS. Calyx and corolla wheel-shaped, of mostly 7 divisions united 



only at base, those of the former linear-lanceolate, of the latter oblong, of 

 both pointed. Filaments united in a ring at base : anthers oblong, curving 

 when old. Flowers white. 

 if * In pairs or whorls along the stems : parts of the flower mostly 5. 



5. LYSIMACHIA. Corolla yellow, wheel-shaped, 5-parted (or rarely of 5, 6, or 



even 7 nearly or quite separate narrow petals). Filaments beardless, often 

 monadelphous at base. Pod splitting into valves. 



6. ANAGALLIS. Corolla red, blue, or white, wheel-shaped, the 5 divisions broad. 



Filaments bearded. Pod (a pyxis) open by a transverse division, the top 

 falling oft" as a lid, many-seeded. 



* * * Altei-nate leaves along the branching stems : base of calyx and ovary coherent. 



7. SAMOLUS. Calyx 5-clefl. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, with a little body 



like a sterile filament in the clefts. Stamens included. Pod many-seeded, 

 splitting into 5 valves. Flowers small, white, in racemes. 



§ 3. With hollow inflated leafy stems ; the leaves whorled or scattered, the lower ones 

 pinnately parted : parts of the flower 5. 



8. HOTTONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short salvei>shaped : stamens included. 



Pod opening by 5 clefts down the side, many-seeded. Flowers small, in 

 whorls along the upper part of the stem and branches. 



1. PEIMULA, PRIMROSE, COWSLIP, &c. (Name from primus, 

 spring, from the flowering-time of true Primrose.) "31 Two small species 

 are scarce along our northern borders (see Manual) : the following are the 

 common ones cult, for ornament. 



* Tender house-plant, tvith inflated conical calyx, and round-heart-shaped 7-9- 



lobed leaves. 



P. Sinensis, Chinese Primkose, a downy plant, with often proliferous 

 umbels of large and showy flowers, purple, rose, or white, sometimes double, 

 in one variety cut-fringed. 



* * Hardy or nearly so, from Eu , with large tubular or oblong-bell-shaped angled 



calyx, and wrinkled-veiny oblong or spatulate leaves tapering into short wing- 

 margined petioles : flowers naturally yellow, in spring. 

 P. grandifldra (or ACAtrLis), Trde Primrose, has leaves somewhat 

 hairy beneath, and the large flowers rising on slender pedicels from their axils, 

 the proper scapes not developed ; corolla flat, sulphur-yellow. 



P. oflB.ein&,liS (or viRis), English Cowslip ; somewhat pubescent with 

 minute pale down, scapes bearing the umbels above the leaves, much smaller 

 flowers of deeper color, and the limb of corolla rather concave or cup-like, the 

 throat commonly orange. The sorts of Polyanthus are cultivated varieties, 

 with flowers enlarged, of various colors, or partycolored, often more or less 

 double. 



* « « Scarcely hardy N., with .bell-shaped aJyx much shorter than the funnel- 



shaped corolla, and smooth and thick obovate leaves, mostly covered with 



some fine mealiness. 

 P. Auricula, Auricula, of Southern Europe ; low, with sessile leaves, 

 and scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pale yellow, with varieties white, 

 purple, or of various hues, sometimes full double. 



2. DODECATHEON. (Fanciful name, from Greek for ijoe/ueyotfe.) y. 

 D. Meidia, called Shooting-Star at the West, or sometimes American 



Cowslip : in rich open woods from Penn. S. and especially W., and cult, for 

 ornament ; smooth, with a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves around the base 



